Recent scholarship has demonstrated that virtual communities can be traced in the online ‘tells’ retained by popular virtual settlements like Facebook and Twitter. In this article, the authors push this line of research toward an analysis of pre-requisites and constrains of virtual settlements that determine the understanding of community life across settlements. The approach followed is ground...

This article tackles the issue of the use of Digital Learning Resources (DLR) in the education of students with learning problems. It presents an argument for the employment of DLR in the education of these students and it raises additional concerns in the choice of these resources when used with students with learning disabilities. DLR are of paramount importance in today’s teaching and learni...

• Multi-Element Analysis Introduction Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has developed over recent years to become a sophisticated tool for the multielemental and isotope ratio analysis of solid samples. Besides a true multi-elemental capability, independent of matrix, the major requirements for most geological laser applications in ICP-MS are the highest se...

Inheritance is one of the key concepts in object-oriented programming (OOP). However, the usefulness of inheritance in concurrent OOP is greatly reduced by the inheritance anomalies. These anomalies have been subjected to intense research, but they are still only vaguely de ned and often misunderstood. In this paper we show that concurrency is not the real cause of inheritance anomalies. We for...

In many real life situations, a text consists of related parts; so, to understand a part, we need to first understand some (or all) preceding parts: e.g., to understand Chapter 3, we first need to understand Chapters 1 and 2. In many cases, this dependence is described by a partial order. For this case, O. Prosorov proposed a natural description of the dependence structure as a topology (satisf...

— Brazilian firms used to dominate the brazil nut (BN) market to such an extent that the product still carries the country’s name. In a surprising twist, 77% of all BNs are now processed and exported by Bolivia, a country with far fewer resources than its neighbor. This paper analyzes the impact of EU regulations on the global BN market. It finds that Bolivian producers prevailed because they j...

Many applications are being built using the immutability and robustness of blockchain. Blockchain is a new class information technology that combines cryptography distributed ledger already exists. The model composed group computers collaborate towards maintaining secured database without storing data at any central unit. It behind all crypto currencies like Bitcoin, Litecoin, Ethereum, now fin...

There is, in the robotics community, a growing awareness of the difficulty to compare in a rigorous quantitative way the many research results obtained in the many different application areas of the field. It is thought that, if we aim to consider robotics a real 'science' or a branch of modern engineering, we must pay some attention to the experimental methodology. In this paper we focus on th...