In this paper we show that an inverse limit is 1-dimensional whenever the bonding functions are upper semi-continuous from [0, 1] into C([0, 1]) and dim(G(fi ◦ fi+1 ◦ · · · ◦ fj)) = 1 for all integers i and j, 1 ≤ i ≤ j. We apply this result to show that such an inverse limit is treelike and also to show that unions of certain finite collections of interval-valued upper semi-continuous function...

Elastic theory of low-dimensional continua and its applications in bio-and nano-structures This review presents the elastic theory of low-dimensional (one-and two-dimensional) continua and its applications in bio-and nano-structures. First, the curve and surface theory, as the geometric representation of the low-dimensional continua , is briefly described through Cartan moving frame method. The...

Infrastructures for the evaluation of the state of health of individuals using a standardized communication network consisting of advanced instruments and subsequent data analysis have been developed. Here we report that this developed infrastructure has been tested in the field in 100 houses and involving almost 300 users. The communication protocol part of this infrastructure has been standar...

Suppose that X1, X2, X3, . . . is a sequence of continua and fi : Xi+1 → 2Xi is an upper semi-continuous set-valued function for each positive integer i; let Gn = {x ∈ ∏n+1 i=1 Xi | xi ∈ fi(xi+1) for 1 ≤ i ≤ n}. We show that if Gn is a chainable continuum for each n ∈ N, then the inverse limit lim ←− is chainable. We use this to show that two well-studied examples of inverse limits on [0, 1] wi...

Nonlinear behavior of a functionally graded cantilever beam is analyzed under non-uniform hygro-thermal effect. To solve this problem, finite element method is applied within plane solid continua. Total Lagrangian approach is utilized in the nonlinear kinematic relations. Newton-Raphson method with incremental displacement is used in nonlinear solution. Comparison study is performed. Effects of...

Previous work suggests that methods used in studying categorical perception for segmental contrasts may be useful in determining the representation of suprasegmental contrasts, particularly those based on intonational characteristics. This experiment investigated phonological representations for intonation contours in English by determining the extent of categorical effects in a task involving ...

The fact that Japanese employs scriptio continua, or a writing system without spaces, complicates the first step of an NLP pipeline. Word segmentation is widely used in Japanese language processing, and lexical knowledge is crucial for reliable identification of words in text. Although external lexical resources like Wikipedia are potentially useful, segmentation mismatch prevents them from bei...

We defend the fundamental ontological-pragmatic principle that often where there are continua in reality, science is forced to make partly fiat terminological delimitations. In particular, this principle applies when it comes to describing biological organisms, their parts, properties, and relations. Human-made fiat delimitations are indispensable at the level of both individuals and the natura...

A continuum Lagrangian-Hamiltonian description of alloys with spin glass structure in magnetic saturation conditions is presented here, paying attention to the interaction between gross deformation and spin substructures. A version of Noether theorem accounting for gyroscopic inertia of spins is proven so that the covariance of the balance of spin interactions and, as a special case, the one of...