AIMS Patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (GB) have exaggerated postprandial insulin secretion, which has been attributed to increased meal glucose appearance and enhanced incretin effect. Here, we sought to determine β-cell glucose sensitivity in the absence of meal stimulation and insulinotropic gut factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 12 non-diabetic subjects w...

Herpesviruses can enter host cells using pH-dependent endocytosis pathways in a cell-specific manner. Envelope glycoprotein B (gB) is conserved among all herpesviruses and is a critical component of the complex that mediates membrane fusion and entry. Here we demonstrate that mildly acidic pH triggers specific conformational changes in herpes simplex virus (HSV) gB. The antigenic structure of g...

OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptides (GLPs) are secreted from enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrients and bile acids and control metabolism via actions on structurally-related yet distinct G protein coupled receptors. GLP-1 regulates gut motility, appetite, islet function, and glucose homeostasis, whereas GLP-2 enhances intestinal nutrient absorption. GLP-1R agonists are used to treat diabet...

Recently, there is a great interest in pushing communication technologies to 100 Gb/s. However, there are still many challenges to perform high speed (> 40 Gb/s) clock and data recovery, and data time-division-multiplexing (TDM). Here, we propose and numerically analyze an asynchronous optical packet retimer using parabolic or sinusoidal phase modulation and linear dispersion. This scheme is na...

All enveloped viruses, including herpesviruses, must fuse their envelope with the host membrane to deliver their genomes into target cells, making this essential step subject to interference by antibodies and drugs. Viral fusion is mediated by a viral surface protein that transits from an initial prefusion conformation to a final postfusion conformation. Strikingly, the prefusion conformation o...

Glycoprotein B (gB) homologs are conserved throughout the family Herpesviridae and appear to serve essential, universal functions, as well as specific functions unique to a particular herpesvirus. Genetic analysis is a powerful tool to analyze protein function, and while it has been possible to generate virus mutants, complementation of essential virus knockouts has been problematic. Human cyto...

INTRODUCTION The management of ultrasound (US) detected gallbladder (GB) polyps remains a dilemma. The aim of this study was to assess the size distribution and the outcome of US follow-up of GB polyps. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency. US reports from patients examined with abdominal US in our department from January 2008 to the end of December...

We report on a clock-recovery circuit employing a phase locked loop (PLL) at 56.88 Gb/s demonstrated by locking to a 28.44 GHz sinosoidal signal while two additional circuits with adapted on-chip passive components locked to 29 Gb/s and 39 Gb/s pseudorandom bit sequences. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of an integrated PLL IC for clock recovery at a data rate well beyond 40 G...

An interfacial thermodynamic model predicts that the interplay of grain boundary (GB) premelting, prewetting, and retrograde solubility in a binary alloy can lead to a decrease in the GB diffusivity with increasing temperature. This counterintuitive prediction is experimentally confirmed for a single-phase, Mo +0.5 at. % Ni alloy. This study calls for a reappraisal of the classical GB adsorptio...