the local solid flow structure of gas-solid bubbling fluidized bed was investigated to identify and characterize the particle clusters. extensive mathematical calculations were carried out using the energy-minimization multi-scale (emms) approach for evaluating cluster properties including the velocity, the size and the void fraction of clusters in the dense phase of the bed. the results showed...

in this paper, the development of a new potassium carbonateon alumina support sorbent prepared byimpregnating k2co3 with an industrial grade of al2o3 support was investigated. the co2 capturecapacity was measured using real flue gas with 8% co2 and 12% h2o in a fixed-bed reactor at atemperature of 65 °c using breakthrough curves. the developed sorbent showed an adsorptioncapacity of 66.2 mgco2/...

background and objective: reduced fat cheese often exhibits poor sensory quality due to the reduction of fat, which plays a critical role in flavor and texture. therefore, there is the challenge to produce a reduced fat cheese with improved sensory attributes and texture that is also comparable to its full-fat counterpart. the main objective of this research was to investigate the effect of dif...

Le Chatelier's principle is used as a very simple way to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. . However, several studies have reported the violation of this principle, still there is no reported simple mathematical equation to express the exact condition of violation in the gas phase reactions. In this article, we derived a simple equation for the violation of...

We develop an analytical model for the thermal boundary conductance between a solid and a gas. By considering the thermal fluxes in the solid and the gas, we describe the transmission of energy across the solid/gas interface with diffuse mismatch theory. From the predicted thermal boundary conductances across solid/gas interfaces, the equilibrium thermal accommodation coefficient is determined ...

Fixed fluidized bed reactor is widely used to evaluate the crackability of heavy oils and the activity of catalysts. To understand the hydrodynamics, reaction kinetics and thermodynamics in conventional and modified fixed fluidized bed reactors, the computational fluid dynamics method, energy-minimization multi-scale-based two-fluid model coupled with a six-lump kinetic model was used to invest...

[1] Isotopic studies indicate that natural perchlorate is produced on Earth in arid environments by the oxidation of chlorine species through pathways involving ozone or its photochemical products. With this analogy, we propose that the arid environment on Mars may have given rise to perchlorate through the action of atmospheric oxidants. A variety of hypothetical pathways can be proposed inclu...

An experimental survey of waste tyre gasification with steam as oxidizing agent has been conducted in a continuous bench scale reactor, with the aim of studying the influence of the process temperature on the yield and the composition of the products; the tests have been performed at three different temperatures, in the range of 850-1000°C, holding all the other operational parameters (pressure...

a simple and mild one-pot three-component reaction for the preparation 1,4-dihydropyridines has been developed from various aldehyde substrates, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (dimedone) and ammonium acetate (hantzsch method) in the presence of a catalytic amount of phospho sulfonic acid (psa) as an efficient and heterogeneous solid acid in etoh at room temperature. preparation of psa is straightforw...