Basaltic activity is the most common class of volcanism on Earth, characterized by magmas 12 of sufficiently low viscosities such that bubbles can move independently of the melt. Following 13 exsolution, spherical bubbles can then expand and/or coalesce to generate larger bubbles of 14 spherical-cap or Taylor bubble (slug) morphologies. Puffing and strombolian explosive activity are 15 driven b...

Measurements of the neutral wind in the polar F-region from Dynamics Explorer-2 (DE-2) have been used to illustrate asymmetries in the Northern hemisphere neutral circulation that are dependent on the sign of the By (East-West) component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). Individual DE-2 orbits and averaged data sets from different Universal times are presented. The data are categorize...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen displaying high antibiotic resistance. Its resistance is in part due to its outstanding ability to form biofilms on a range of biotic and abiotic surfaces leading to difficult-to-treat, often long-term infections. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a new, promising antibacterial treatment to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Plasma...

The existence of some 2 billion unused EU Allowances (EUAs) at the end of Phase II of the EU’s Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) has sparked considerable debate about structural shortcomings of the EU ETS. However, there has been a surprising lack of interest in considering the accumulation of EUAs in light of the theory of intertemporal permit trading, i.e. allowance banking. In this paper we ...

EEG recordings made in combined EEG-fMRI studies are corrupted by gradient artefacts (GAs) resulting from the interaction of the EEG system with the time-varying magnetic field gradients used in MRI. The dominant contribution to the GA arises from interaction with the leads of the EEG cap and the human head, but artefacts are also produced in the cables used to connect the EEG cap to the amplif...

Introduction: Uncommon features have been observed in the cryptic region near the south polar cap during the spring time retreat of the seasonal cap. The defrosting of the seasonal CO2 cap leads to dalmatian spots named dark spots [1], spiders [2], fans [3] and polygonal crack patterns [4]. (Kieffer, 2007) proposed a semiquantitative model to explain all these processes. The dark spots, fans an...

The global rise of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and its potentially devastating consequences require a comprehensive regulatory framework for reducing emissions, including those from the transport sector. Alternative fuels and technologies have been promoted as a means for reducing the carbon intensity of the transport sector. However, the overall transport policy framework in major world eco...

work as well as many substantive comments. Matthew Ogonowski, a Policy Analyst at the Center for Clean Air Policy, conducted supporting research and contributed to sections of the paper. We would also like to thank the California stakeholders and other experts who provided detailed comments on earlier drafts of this paper, including paper is intended to examine the potential design of policy op...