Present study was carried out at MS poultry farm Baffa, Mansehra during 2006. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different levels of probiotics named as Organic Green Culture on the immune response of broiler chicks, using Newcastle Disease Haemagglutination Inhibation (HI) antibody titer as indicator. For this purpose, 448 Hubbard day-old broiler chicks were rand...

1. Far more information about the effect of serum or other substances upon the germicidal action of soaps can be obtained by determining the germicidal titers over a wide range of pH than by determining the titer at a single pH. In this way a characteristic curve for each test substance is obtained. 2. The curve for a particular concentration of serum bears a definite relationship to the curve ...

Influenza vaccination remains the best strategy for the prevention of influenza virus-related disease and reduction of disease severity and mortality. However, there is large individual variation in influenza vaccine responses. In this study, we investigated the effects of gender, age, underlying diseases, and medication on vaccine responses in 1,852 Icelanders of broad age range who received t...

A method that increases the sensitivity and specificity of the direct agglutination (AG) test for diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii infection is described. Qualitative results in the Sabin-Feldman dye test (DT) and AG test were in excellent agreement (98%). Differences in titers between these two tests often related to the length of time the individual was infected. The AG test titer was most ofte...

By making comparisons with the usual manual method, we evaluated an automatic fluorescent image analyzer (Image Titer, Tripath Imaging, Burlington NC), the software for which was developed to simplify measuring indirect immunofluorescent antinuclear antibodies (FANAs). In this new system, images of the stained sample are displayed, and it measures the FANA titer and staining pattern using only ...

The hormonal basis of variation in life-history traits is a poorly studied topic in life-history evolution. An important step in identifying the endocrine-genetic causes of life-history variation is documenting statistical and functional associations between hormone titers and genotypes/phenotypes that vary in life-history traits. To this end, we compared the blood ecdysteroid titer and the mas...

This double-blind study determined the influence of serum neutralizing antibody titers on the rate of infection and magnitude of disease expression after experimental exposure of adult volunteers to rhinovirus strain Hanks (RV-H). A total of 133 healthy volunteers were tested for antibody status, cloistered for a 6-day period, and challenged with RV-H at the end of the first cloister day. On th...

1. A specific complement fixation reaction test for Plasmodium knowlesi malaria in rhesus monkeys is reported with details involved in the preparation of the antigen and procedures employed in setting up the test. 2. It was found that specific complement-fixing antibodies appeared early in the course of the experimental disease and persisted during the course of the chronic infection. 3. The fi...

Antibodies directed against Pfs25, a protein present on the surface of zygotes and ookinetes of Plasmodium falciparum, completely block pathogen transmission. We evaluated the immunomodulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) on the immunogenicity of recombinant Pfs25 (rPfs25) formulated in alum (Al). Immunization of mice with rPfs25 plus CpG ODN improved both the antibody titer (a 30-...