chinaberry (melia azedarach l.) is a beautiful tree indigenous to the himalayas that grows as a native plant in iran. symptoms similar to bacterial gall have been observed on the crown, shoot and twig of chinaberry, a recent landscape tree since 2003-2004 in shiraz, fars province, south of iran. a gram negative bacterium was isolated from the galls. the isolates did not produce fluorescent pigm...

BACKGROUND Endoscopic sphincterotomy has been shown to inhibit stone formation in the gall bladder of experimental animals. AIMS To investigate the alterations in bile composition and gall bladder motility after endoscopic sphincterotomy. PATIENTS A study was performed of gall bladder bile composition and gall bladder motility in patients with gallstone disease ((n = 20; age 40-60 years, me...

Background and aims—Even if the motor activity of the gall bladder and sphincter of Oddi (SO) are integrated, it is not known if the presence of stones in the gall bladder aVects SO function. The aim of the study was to compare SO motor activity in patients with and without gall stones. Patients and methods—In a series of 155 patients consecutively submitted to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopa...

INTRODUCTION Agenesis of gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly of biliary tree that may be associated with other biliary and extra biliary congenital anomalies. CASE PRESENTATION A 43- year- old female presented with a 4 months history of upper abdominal pain associated with nausea and vomiting. It was associated with dyspeptic symptoms and become worse following ingestion of high-fat meal...

Gall-bladder emptying in response to a standard meal was assessed in 34 patients with radiolucent gall stones and 34 matched controls. Percentage gall-bladder emptying, derived from volume measurements made on standardised oral cholecystography, was significantly higher at 15 minutes in the patients than the controls (mean +/- SE of mean 38.0 +/- 3.7% v 28.0 +/- 3.8%). This difference was maint...

Occurrence of accessory lobes of liver and anomalies of gall bladder is quite common. A thorough knowledge of their variation can minimise diagnostic and surgical errors. We found concurrent variations of liver and gall bladder. A small accessory liver lobe was attached to the quadrate lobe through a stalk formed by peritoneum. The gall bladder was "bean shaped" due to the presence of a constri...

OBJECTIVE To assess the safety of confining histological examination to gall bladders with radiological and macroscopic features suggestive of cancer. DESIGN Retrospective study. Setting Department of Histopathology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka. METHOD Analysis of all cholecystectomies performed at a tertiary care hospital during a one year period. Computerised histopathological reports ...

Genetic variation in plants is known to influence arthropod assemblages and species interactions. However, these influences may be contingent upon local environmental conditions. Here, we examine how plant genotype-based trophic interactions and patterns of natural selection change across environments. Studying the cottonwood tree, Populus angustifolia, the galling aphid, Pemphigus betae and it...

BACKGROUND Octreotide treatment may be associated with gall stone development in up to 50% of patients with acromegaly. Two new sustained-release formulations of somatostatin analogue have been recently developed: lanreotide SR (Somatuline) and octreotide LAR (Sandostatin LAR). The incidence of gall-stone development in patients receiving these drugs has been shown to be less than 20%, but the ...

there have been only isolated reports of gall stones occurring during octreotide treatment.' Gall bladder contraction and cholecystokinin secretion in response to food are almost abolished by its administration4 and may contribute to stone formation. The high incidence of gall stones might have been due to the higher doses of the drug which we used. None of our patients had symptoms from the ga...