Recently, Pawlik et al. [3] have shown that triangle-free intersection graphs of line segments can have arbitrary large chromatic number, thus answering a long standing conjecture of Erdős [1] in the negative. They show this by constructing a sequence of graphs that have chromatic number tending to infinity. In fact, the chromatic number is O(log logn) where n is the number of vertices. Graphs ...

    Background: Evaluating the landmarks for rotation of the distal femur is a challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Although the posterior femoral condyle axis is a good landmark for surgeons, the surgical transepicondylar axis may be a better option with the help of preoperative CT scanning. The purpose of this study was to ascertain relationships among the axes’ guiding distal femur rotational ...

introduction : comorbidity is a new term in psychiatric nosology which despite its expansive use is not clearly defined. overlapping of axis i and axis ii disorders in multiaxial system of dsm and controversy over which disorders belong to which axis, have also complicated the issue. a number of studies investigating patterns of comorbidity for axis i and axis ii disorders could not find a one ...

Vertebrate development requires communication among cells of the embryo in order to define the body axis, and the Wnt-signaling network plays a key role in axis formation as well as in a vast array of other cellular processes. One arm of the Wnt-signaling network, the non-canonical Wnt pathway, mediates intracellular calcium release via activation of heterotrimeric G proteins. Regulator of G pr...

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) induced during neoplasia display potent pro-tumorigenic activities. Tumor-derived factors influence MDSC development, yielding monocytic and granulocytic subsets. In contrast to monocytic MDSC, little is known about how granulocytic MDSC develop. We demonstrated that tumor-derived G-CSF drives granulocytic MDSC formation, thus providing new insights into ...

In addition to oncogenic drivers, signaling nodes can critically modulate cancer-related cellular networks to strength tumor hallmarks. We identify G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) as a relevant player in breast cancer. GRK2 is up-regulated in breast cancer cell lines, in spontaneous tumors in mice, and in a proportion of invasive ductal carcinoma patients. Increased GRK2 functionalit...

The boxicity (cubicity) of a graph G is the minimum natural number k such that G can be represented as an intersection graph of axis-parallel rectangular boxes (axis-parallel unit cubes) in Rk. In this article, we give estimates on the boxicity and the cubicity of Cartesian, strong and direct products of graphs in terms of invariants of the component graphs. In particular, we study the growth, ...

We report the synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HANPs) by the coprecipitation method using calcium D-gluconate and potassium hydrogen phosphate as the sources of calcium and phosphate ions, respectively, and the triblock copolymer F127 as a stabilizer. The HANPs were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms. Remov...

PROBIOTICS NORMALIZE THE GUT-BRAIN-MICROBIOTA AXIS IN IMMUNODEFICIENT 2 MICE 3 4 Carli J. Smith, Jacob R. Emge, Katrina Berzins, Lydia Lung, Rebecca Khamishon, Paarth 5 Shah, David M. Rodrigues, Andrew J. Sousa, Colin Reardon, Philip M. Sherman, Kim E. 6 Barrett, Mélanie G. Gareau 7 8 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La 9 Jolla, CA, Unit...

A graph has hyuiciry k if k is the smallest integer such that G is an intersection graph of k-dimensional boxes in a &-dimensional space (where the sides of the boxes are parallel to the coordinate axis). A graph has grid dimension k if k is the smallest integer such that G is an intersection graph of k-dimensional boxes (parallel to the coordinate axis) in a (k+ I)-dimensional space. We prove ...