In general, a SYPRO Ruby dye is well known as a sensitive fluorescence-based method for detecting proteins by one-or two-dimensional SDS-PAGE (1-DE or 2-DE). Based on the SYPRO Ruby dye system, the combined two-dimensional fibrin zymography (2-D FZ) with SYPRO Ruby staining was newly developed to identify the Bacillus sp. proteases. Namely, complex protein mixtures from Bacillus sp. DJ-4, which...

In this paper, a thorough mathematical analysis is proposed for designing and tuning fuzzy proportional ± integral± derivative (FZ-PID) control in order to achieve a better performance and simpler design. The quantitative model of FZ-PID, derived for the mathematical analysis and gain design, consists of a nonlinear relay and a nonlinear proportional ± integral ± derivative (PID) controller. Th...

The Drosophila wing provides an appropriate model system for studying genetic programming of planar cell polarity (PCP) [1-4]. Each wing cell respects the proximodistal (PD) axis; i.e., it localizes an assembly of actin bundles to its distalmost vertex and produces a single prehair. This PD polarization requires the redistribution of Flamingo (Fmi), a seven-pass transmembrane cadherin, to proxi...

Morphometric disparities were employed to characterize the geographical variations in and elucidate phylogeography of Portunus sanguinolentus East Asia. In this study, a comprehensive assessment was undertaken based on measurements from 833 individual crabs. These crabs sampled eight distinct locations, namely Kyushu (KS), Fuzhou (FZ), Yilan (YL), Xiamen (XM), Tainan (TN), Hong Kong (HK), Vietn...

Heme-iron oxidoreductases operating through the high-valent FeIVO intermediates perform crucial and complicated transformations, such as oxidations of unreactive saturated hydrocarbons. These enzymes share same Fe coordination, only differing by axial ligation, e.g., Cys in P450 oxygenases, Tyr catalases, His peroxidases. By examining ?200 heme-iron proteins, we show that protein hosts exert hi...

Aim Gamma-band auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a neurophysiologic index that increasingly used as translational biomarker in the development of treatments neuropsychiatric disorders. While gamma-band ASSR generated by distributed networks highly interactive temporal and frontal cortical sources, majority human studies using electroencephalography (EEG) highlight activity from only sing...

GABA is a putative inhibitory neurotransmitter in adult mammalian visual cortex but also has been implicated as playing a crucial role in cortical information processing during development. In order to understand better the role of GABA during primate visual cortex development, we have examined the time course of GABAA and GABAB receptor ontogenesis in 18 Macaca nemestrina monkeys ranging from ...

AIMS Signalling through the Wnt pathway is integrally associated with colon carcinogenesis. Although activating mutations in the genes for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) and beta-catenin are clearly associated with colon cancer, less is understood about the role of the upstream secreted ligands (Wnts) and their receptors (frizzled, Fz) in this process. In other systems, increased Wnt signalli...

In this online section, we consider an information structure in which both article quality and author signals are continuously distributed. The structure is identical to the one presented in Leslie (2005). This section, therefore, illustrates how the main result in the paper—that journal quality is maximized through a combination of both fees and delays when authors have heterogeneous cost pref...