To cause plant diseases, pathogenic micro-organisms secrete effector proteins into host tissue to suppress immunity and support pathogen growth. Bacterial pathogens have evolved several distinct secretion systems to target effector proteins, but whether fungi, which cause the major diseases of most crop species, also require different secretory mechanisms is not known. Here we report that the r...

The day will come when the sign of the plant pathologist will stand forth in the street alongside that of the physician and surgeon.. .. For what will it profit us if all the ills and diseases of the human race be banished and we then face starvation because of diseases and pests in our food (1). To the Editor: Every year plant diseases affect human society, resulting in inadequate nutrition an...

Macrophomina phaseolina is a highly problematic fungus that causes diseases in hundreds of plant species. In order to search for an alternative chemical fungicides the control this devastating pathogen, leaf extract Tabernaemontana divaricata was assessed M. phaseolina. Five concentrations methanol viz. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (w/v), were checked against All these significantly suppressed fungal grow...

Background Blackberry (Rubus species) is one of the most widespread and devastating invasive weeds on the west coast. Himalayan blackberry (R. armeniacus), and wild evergreen blackberry (also referred to as cut-leaf blackberry or wild R. laciniatus), are major weed pests of the Pacific Northwest (PNW) and northern California. Recently, a rust fungus, Phragmidium violaceum, was discovered on Him...

The feasibility of human nutritional supplementation is imperative. As a part daily diet, edible fungus polysaccharides have variety health promoting effects, especially for the prevention chronic diseases. Based on extensive collection and collation relevant research datas, beneficial effects various diseases were analyzed, structure functional mechanism with anti-chronic disease properties su...

Abstract Diseases caused by bacteria are an important and widespread constraint, occurring in almost all crops, including vegetables, pulses, cereals, ornamentals, fruit forages. Although several strategies have been developed to obtain disease resistance plants using genetic engineering, few studies effectively demonstrated the control of bacterial diseases. It has previously reported that a g...

The present study provides a comprehensive overview of the Bacillus velezensis strain Htq6, and its potential applications in plant disease control. Htq6 is an endophytic bacterium derived from walnut, which was found to possess strong inhibitory effect on wide range pathogenic microorganisms identified as good control agent. entire genome sequenced, comparative genomic analysis conducted with ...

Clinical presentation of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) can be diverse. Morphology and quantity of skin lesions depends on interactions between host immunity and fungus virulence. Diagnosis can be a challenge considering that this fungus has low virulence and some individuals have immunity to microorganism, which results in well-marked granulomas without visible microorganisms. We report herein a...

Among the diseases affecting the commercial citrus production, the citrus black spot (CBS) is considered to cause substantial losses. The analyses of particles in suspension in the orchards and collected into a disc have been applied as a preventive action trying to identify the presence of fungus spores before symptom appearance. In this paper, we show the results of several shape analysis met...

the aphid species, cinara pini (linnaeus, 1758) reported in our previous work as a new aphid on pinus trees for iran, was described using the classic method and through analysis of coi gene sequence. in the next step, we addressed the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus, lecanicillium longisporum (zimm.) zare and gams strain lrc 190, on the aphid. the fungus was administered to the second...