Background: Melia indica and M. azedarach (Meliaceae) are widely used in traditional medicine. These species are considered as natural pesticides. Their major compound is azadirachtin (AZD) which is considered as the marker for quality control of these species. Objective: In the present investigation, AZD content of the leaves and fruits (comprising the whole fruit, peel, pulp and seeds) of M....

Large plants are often more conspicuous and more attractive for associated animals than small plants, e.g. due to their wider range of resources. Therefore, plant size can positively affect species richness of associated animals, as shown for single groups of herbivores, but studies usually consider intraspecific size differences of plants in unstandardised environments. As comprehensive tests ...

Although global declines in frugivores may disrupt seed dispersal mutualisms and inhibit plant recruitment, quantifying the likely reduction in plant regeneration has been difficult and rarely attempted. We use a manipulative factorial experiment to quantify dependence of recruitment on dispersal (i.e. fruit pulp removal and movement of seed away from parental area) in two large-seeded New Zeal...

Heliothis armigera (cotton moth or cocoon worm) is considered one of the worst pests tomatoes in Uzbekistan, addition to cotton. All stages pest can develop this crop. The lays its eggs individually on body, flowers and blooms plant. Worms hatched from gnaw plant fruits. Each worm damage 10-12 per Damaged crops wither, large ones rot. In some cases (mostly Yusupov variety), infected fruits do n...

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the vegetables that has gained prominence in production recent years due to demand for foods with nutraceutical properties. However, few studies have been developed evaluating effects use organic residues fertilization this crop, potential both increase its productivity and reduce environmental impacts. Thus, work aimed evaluate effect cattle manure pas...

Generalized, facultative mutualisms are often characterized by great variation in the benefits provided by different partner species. This variation may be due to differences among species in the quality and quantity of their interactions, as well as their phenology. Many plant species produce extrafloral nectar, a carbohydrate-rich resource, to attract ant species that can act as "bodyguards" ...

Four categories of plant food dominated the diet of chimpanzees in Kibale Forest, Uganda: non-fig tree fruits, fig tree fruits, herbaceous piths and terrestrial leaves. Fruit abundance varied unpredictably, more among non-figs than figs. Pith intake was correlated negatively with fruit abundance and positively with rainfall, whereas leaf intake was not influenced by fruit abundance. Piths typic...

The genetic variability and character association among important yield attributing traits was studied in 20 genotypes of tomato. magnus the phenotypic coefficient variation (PCV) for all characteristics higher than magnitude genotypic (GCV). High PCV, GCV, heritability accompanied by high advance as per cent mean recorded number fruits plant, average fruit weight, flower clusters/plant, cluste...

We studied the relative role of inflorescence traits, flowering synchrony, and pollination context for infructescence and fruit initiation in two Spanish populations of Arum italicum, a species in which inflorescences are the pollination unit. In this species, a specialized inflorescence organ, the appendix, is important for pollinator attraction. However, the short floral longevity and the pro...