Temperature has been shown to have a significant effect on swimming performance in teleost fish. This thermal dependence has usually been attributed to correlated changes in muscle contractile physiology. However, the physical properties of all materials, including both water and living tissues, are profoundly affected by changes in temperature. In particular, both the kinematic viscosity of wa...

abstract the irrigation water quality is not suitable for crop production in most regions of iran. it is estimated that almost six bcm/year of saline water enter to the rivers, in iran. the saline water can potentially use for growing of tolerant crops with a specific management on the agriculture practice. one of the management methods is the conjunction use of fresh and saline water. in this ...

All around planet Earth, access to drinkable fresh water is a problem with increasing relevance, being its scarceness the origin of many diseases, namely in underdeveloped countries and a potential motivation to future conflicts. The present work focuses in the modelling of solar still systems of salt water, aiming at producing fresh water, having considered for that purpose four types of insta...

Benecke1) was the first to report the isolation of Bacillus chitinovorus, a bacillus which decomposes chitin, from the sea water of Kiel Bay in 1905. Later, the bacillus was collected and studied mainly in Germany and in the United States, taking as sources various materials such as sea mud, sea water, fresh lake water, soil, compost, crustacea etc. However, the study of this bacillus has never...

Malawi is a landlocked country, stretching over 94 084 square kilometres of land and 24 404 square kilometres of fresh water, whose economic backbone is agriculture. Malawi’s HIV positivity rate is estimated at 10.0% (Table 1).1 HIV prevalence varies widely by geographic regions, where it is 14.5% in southern Malawi, 7.6% in central Malawi and 6.6% in northern Malawi. Prevalence also differs by...

Novel physical and chemical conditions of many modern ecosystems increasingly diverge from the environments known to have existed at any time in the history of Earth. The loss of natural land to urbanization is one of the most prevalent drivers of novel environments in freshwaters. However, current understanding of aquatic community response to urbanization is based heavily upon aggregate indic...

Sub-chronic exposure (15 days) of Channa punctatus to sub-lethal concentrations of zinc (10, 15 and 25 Zn mg l(-1)) resulted in a significant decline of hepatic and ovarian glycogen, cholesterol, total proteins and total lipids. DNA and RNA contents were also estimated in the ovary. These parameters simultaneously decline with an increase in dose and duration of the experiment. A decline in all...

To investigate risk factors for sporadic infection with Giardia lamblia acquired in the United Kingdom, we conducted a matched case-control study in southwest England in 1998 and 1999. Response rates to a postal questionnaire were 84% (232/276) for cases and 69% (574/828) for controls. In multivariable analysis, swallowing water while swimming (p<0.0001, odds ratio [OR] 6.2, 95% confidence inte...