In this study, we employ the global aerosol-climate model ECHAM-HAM to globally assess aerosol indirect effects (AIEs) resulting from shipping emissions of aerosols and aerosol precursor gases. We implement shipping emissions of sulphur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC) and particulate organic matter (POM) for the year 2000 into the model and quantify the model’s sensitivity towards uncertaintie...

Strategic capacity planning is a core activity for the Hunter Valley Coal Chain Coordinator as demand for coal is expected to double in the next decade. Optimization and simulation models are used to suggest and evaluate infrastructure expansions and operating policy changes. These models require input data in the form of shipping stems, which are arrival streams of ships at the port, together ...

We develop spatial competition a la Bertrand for barge shipping along a waterway. Equilibrium prices are derived for two variations. For each case, we …rst give the perfectly competitive benchmark (when all modes are priced at marginal cost) before introducing market power on the modes. The paper emphasizes strategic rivalry (and market power) in two dimensions, and, for tractability, we consid...

In conjunction with establishing colonies of deer mice in the UK, effects of transportation on reproduction in agouti (A) and nonagouti (a) deer mice were assessed. Adults were shipped via ground courier and air freight from Northampton, Massachusetts, USA to Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, England in February and June. Deer mice were paired upon arrival in Sutton Bonington, whereas matched c...

Dalam penyimpanan data, dokumen pengiriman disimpan tanpa pengamanan khusus. Untuk mengatasi masalah di atas, diperlukan cara yang cepat untuk melindungi data dari penyalahgunaan. Peneliti bertujuan menggunakan teknik enkripsi deskriptif algoritma AES 128-bit pada sistem, karena memiliki tingkat ketahanan tertentu terhadap segala jenis serangan menghindari kehilangan dan pencurian serta mengura...