BACKGROUND The determination of the osmolality of aqueous samples using a freezing point osmometer is a well-established, routine laboratory method. In addition to their use in clinical and pharmaceutical laboratories, freezing point osmometers are also employed in food testing laboratories. One application is the determination of the osmolality of milk. Although cow's milk is a natural product...

Abstract The crosslink density of rubber compounds has a great effect on the properties final product. For this reason, suitable characterization method is required to understand and optimize performance materials. Four different experimental techniques were used determine silica-filled styrene butadiene composites: equilibrium swelling experiments, stress–strain measurements using Mooney–Rivli...