the main question of the freedom of belief in the intellectual system of ayatollah javadi refers to its pertaining structural logic in his thought. on the one hand, he tries to make sense of the essence of freedom with regard to the essentiality and gradation of existence. on the other hand, methodically trying to address the issue of freedom in a space different from that of completion, he int...

Organizational Commitment has been defined as the extent that an individual accepts, internalizes, and views his or her role based on organizational values and goals. The three components –affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment– form the basis of a new conceptualization of organizational commitment. Job stress has become one of the most serious health issues ...

We present the first universally verifiable voting scheme that can be based on a general assumption (existence of a non-interactive commitment scheme). Our scheme is also the first receipt-free scheme to give “everlasting privacy” for votes: even a computationally unbounded party does not gain any information about individual votes (other than what can be inferred from the

Introduction. Commitment schemes are one of the most fundamental primitives in cryptography. A commitment scheme is a two-party protocol consisting of two phases, the commit and the open phase. The goal of the commitment is to allow the sender to transmit information related to a message m during the commit phase in such a way that the recipient learns nothing about the message (hiding property...

(Non-interactive) Trapdoor Mercurial Commitments (TMCs) were introduced by Chase et al. [8] and form a key building block for constructing zero-knowledge sets (introduced by Micali, Rabin and Kilian [28]). TMCs are quite similar and certainly imply ordinary (noninteractive) trapdoor commitments (TCs). Unlike TCs, however, they allow for some additional freedom in the way the message is opened: ...

A positive relationship between employee engagement and affective commitment is already documented in the literature. However, we do not adequately know how engagement is associated with continuance and normative commitment. Using survey methodology we find that while engagement has a non-significant positive association with continuance commitment, it has a positive association with normative ...

We consider whether reputation concerns can discipline the behavior of a long-lived selfinterested agent who has a monopoly over the provision of fiat money. We obtain that when this agent can commit to a choice of money supply, there is a monetary equilibrium where it never overissues. We show, however, that such equilibria do not exist when there is no commitment. This happens because the inc...

Paternalism is a policy that advances an individual’s interests by restricting his or her freedom. In a setting with present-biased agents, I characterize the scope of private paternalism — paternalism implemented by private institutions. Private paternalism arises from two channels: (i) agents who seek commitment because they hold sophisticated beliefs about their present bias, and (ii) agents...