the log damage and value loss were examined by felling and bucking function, species, and damage type, in kheyrud forest in namkhaneh district in the hyrcanian forest of iran. in order to calculate the wood value following tree felling and bucking, 250 trees and 167 logs consisting of beech and hornbeam species were measured. there were five types of damage recorded following the tree felling o...

The transfer of large volumes fluid to the overriding lithosphere during flat-slab subduction should drastically alter physical and chemical properties continental margins. However, this process is poorly understood without active magmatism, direct evidence for has remained elusive in modern systems. New helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) gas species abundances thermal springs above Peruvian flat ...

This paper investigates the efficiency, robustness, and scalability of approximate ideal restriction (AIR) algebraic multigrid as a preconditioner in all-at-once solution space-time hybridizable discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization advection-dominated flows. The motivation for this study is that time-dependent advection-diffusion equation can be seen "steady" problem $(d+1)$-dimensions A...

Existence of a surface wave along the boundary between the semi-infinite materials, one of which is a free-space and the other is a material with either negative permeability or negative permittivity, is presented theoretically in this paper. Surface waves exist in only limited combination of negative and positive sign of the material parameters. In addition, by analyzing the surface wave in a ...

All-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave calculations of the surface energy, work function, and interlayer spacings of close-packed metal surfaces are presented, in particular, for the free-electron-like metal surfaces, Mg(0001) and Al(111), and for the transition metal surfaces, Ti(0001), Cu(111), Pd(111), and Pt(111). We investigate the convergence of the surface energy as ...

Using a consistent quantum-mechanical treatment for the electromagnetic radiation, we theoretically investigate the magnetic spin-flip scatterings of a neutral two-level atom trapped in the vicinity of a superconducting body. We derive a simple scaling law for the corresponding spin-flip lifetime for such an atom trapped near a superconducting thick slab. For temperatures below the superconduct...

The fascinating optical properties of photonic crystals (PCs) have lead to numerous new devices or ways to improve existing device characteristics [1]. Photonic crystal slabs (PCS) are of particular interest due to their strong resonant behavior and three-dimensional light confinement, while being compatible with standard semiconductor technology. In this work, we present a photodetector within...

Perforation of a hollow viscus is an acute abdominal drama and the accurate diagnosis highly depends on demonstration of free intra­pritoneal air. The importance of adequate examination in the demonstration of ,tiny amount ()ff air is stressed and the value of an upright chest film when the horizontal beam is tangential to the top of the diaphragm is mentioned. Before standing for chest x-ray t...