Hip fracture has a significant economic and personal cost, involving hospital admission and functional impairment for elderly people. To assess the benefit of using a newly designed hip protector (new material and new design) to prevent fracture in a realistic setting, a randomised intervention-control design was used to trial the effectiveness of pads worn by high falls risk residents (n=71) i...

Functional adaptation of the femur has been studied extensively by embedding remodelling algorithms in finite element models, with bone commonly assumed to have isotropic material properties for computational efficiency. However, isotropy is insufficient in predicting the directionality of bone's observed microstructure. A novel iterative orthotropic 3D adaptation algorithm is proposed and appl...

Narrabri Coal Operations is longwall mining coal directly below a 15 to 20 m thick conglom‐ erate sequence expected to be capable of producing a windblast upon first caving at longwall startup and producing periodic weighting during regular mining. Site characterisation and field trials were undertaken to evaluate hydraulic fracturing as a method to precondition the conglomerate strata sufficie...

The remarkable ability of some plants and animals to cling strongly to substrates despite relatively weak interfacial bonds has important implications for the development of synthetic adhesives. Here, we examine the origins of large detachment forces using a thin elastomer tape adhered to a glass slide via van der Waals interactions, which serves as a model system for geckos, mussels and ivy. T...

This philosophy and directions of the DARPA/AFML Interdisciplinary program for Quantitative NDE are reviewed and the structure of this review meeting is summarized. Philosophy of Interdisciplinary Program for Quantitative NDE I would like to make a few, very general, introductory remarks about the philosophy of the Quantitative NDE program and to point out some important features of the meeting...

To compare the intrinsic stability of two distal interlocking screw orientations for tibial nailing of distal third tibial diaphyseal fractures without isthmal support, six Depuy (Warsaw, Indiana) tibial intramedullary nails were implanted in simulated distal tibiae. The constructs received both two parallel (medial to lateral) and two perpendicular (one medial to lateral, one anterior to poste...

Abstract The geometric properties of fractures influence whether they propagate, arrest, or coalesce with other fractures. Thus, quantifying the relationship between fracture network characteristics may help predict development, and perhaps precursors to catastrophic failure. To constrain predictability characteristics, we deform eight one centimeter tall rock cores under triaxial compression w...

The compliance technique has been used to monitor crack length during fracture and fatigue testing of materials. Difficulties arise when this technique is applied to anisotropic biological materials such as bone. In this tutorial, two different methods of analyzing compliance calibration data are described: the standard ASTM method and a new approach developed by the authors specifically for an...

In many biomechanical problems, the availability of a suitable model for the wrapping of muscles when undergoing movement is essential for the estimation of forces produced on and by the body during motion. This is an important factor in the Osteoporotic Virtual Physiological Human project which is investigating the likelihood of fracture for osteoporotic patients undertaking a variety of movem...