It is generally considered that ideas in Britain about historic cities, and their appropriate management, changed radically between the period of the Second World War and its aftermath and the end of the 1960s, in reaction to comprehensive redevelopment and with the rise of the conservation movement. Plans produced in the early part of this period have been characterised as representing ‘clean-...

The main aim of this article is to analyse the role and importance of Integrated Territorial Investment (ITI) as the instrument for the management of transport security in the four largest cities of Lower Silesia: Wrocław, Wałbrzych, Legnica and Jelenia Góra. The doubt concerning the potential connected with using ITI is reasonable in the sense that it creates a completely new, previously unkno...

S ince the 1990s, China has undergone astonishing economic growth, and its extensive urbanization has become one of the most striking development signatures anywhere in the world. With the world's largest urban population, China's urbanization experience provides meaningful insights on future urban development in other countries. 1 Because China has an extremely low per-capita land area, constr...

Although the average population density of a city is an extremely simple indicator, it is often used as a determinant factor for describing various aspects of urban phenomena. On the other hand, a plethora of different measures that aim at characterizing the urban form have been introduced in the literature, often with the risk of redundancy. Here, we argue that two measures are enough to captu...

We claim that local e-services benchmarking studies summarized in indexes do little to enhance city managers’ and academics’ understanding of actual e-government performance, or to improve the e-services offered by cities. We undertook a different benchmarking approach, focused on learning best practices among cities, in late 2008 and early 2009. A benchlearning methodology (BLM) was developed,...

Healthy community approaches encompass a diverse group of population based strategies and interventions that create supportive environments, foster community behavior change and improve health. This systematic review examined the effectiveness of ten most common healthy community approaches (Healthy Cities/Communities, Smart Growth, Child Friendly Cities, Safe Routes to Schools, Safe Communitie...

T h ree important global trends will affect older persons living in cities. Fi r s t , the world’s population is increasingly concentrated in urban areas. The United Nations estimates that over 60% of the world’s population will live in cities by 2025. Second, poverty is becoming more concentrated in urban areas around the world. Third, for the most part people are living longer, and this has c...

It is important to understand urban auto markets from a spatial perspective. Specifically, the question of how to simplify and visualize the relatedness of the complicated urban markets arises. Based on the concept of ‘product space’, this research explores the similarity between Chinese cities and identifies the city clusters using data of automobile sales in 2012. A city’s automobile market i...

The authors studied the effectiveness of community-wide health education on physical activity knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavior. Random samples of residents aged 18-74 years who lived in four central California cities (baseline, n = 1,056 men and 1,183 women) were evaluated in 1979-1980 and approximately every 2 years thereafter to obtain four independent samples. Moreover, ever...

BACKGROUND Previous community-randomised trials of interventions to control sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have involved rural settings, were rarely multicomponent, and had varying results. We aimed to assess the effect of a multicomponent intervention on curable STIs in urban young adults and female sex workers (FSWs). METHODS In this community-randomised trial, baseline STI screenin...