Multiobjective optimal power plant operation requires an optimal mapping between unit load demand and pressure set-point in a Fossil Fuel Power Unit (FFPU). In general, the optimization problem with varying unit load demand cannot be solved using a fixed nonlinear mapping. This paper presents a modern heuristic method, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), to realize the optimal mapping by searchi...

The traditional approach in electric generation is focused on centralized plants producing electricity which is transmitted and distributed over long distances through the networks. In contrast, using distributed energy resources, much smaller amounts of energy are produced by numerous small, modular energy conversion units, which are often located close to the point of use. Therefore, Distribu...

(continued, page 4) (continued, page 2) Ask the average person where electricity comes from, and he or she is likely to reply, “Out of a wall socket.” Pressed further, they may suggest a thermal or hydroelectric plant as the source, depending on where they live in the country. In response to further probing, some may guess either nuclear power or fossil fuel as the origin. But it would be only ...

The finiteness of fossil fuels implies that future electric power systems may predominantly source energy from fuel-free renewable resources like wind and solar. Evidently, these power systems without fuel will be environmentally benign, sustainable, and subject to milder failure scenarios. Many of these advantages were projected decades ago with the definition of the soft energy path, which de...

barrels of oil equivalent (boe) The total energy content of a non-petroleum-based product or fuel in GJ divided by 5.904 6.115 GJ/boe. biodiesel The methyl or ethyl esters of transesterified triglycerides (lipids, fats, cooking greases) from biomass. biofuel A solid, gaseous, or liquid fuel produced from biomass. biogas A medium-energy-content gaseous fuel, generally containing 40 to 80 volume ...

A critical review of air pollution emitted from thermal power plants has been carried out by considering several literatures. It is concluded that the disposal of fly ash generated in thermal power plants poses a problem, as it required a large amount of land for dumping, however if utilized properly, this may turn into a resource material for number of sectors for Indian economy. Also it is fo...

The growth of population, rising fossil fuel prices (limited and decreasing day by day), pollution problem due to use of fossil fuels and increasing electrical demand are important factors that encourage the use of green and renewable energy technologies. Among the different renewable energy technologies, hydro power generation (large and small scale) is the prime choice in terms of contributio...

This paper discusses the load following capability of fuel cell-driven power plants. A linear model of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell power plant is obtained and utilized for the design of robust controllers which enhance tracking response of the plant and reject disturbances originating from the distribution grid. Two robust controllers are synthesized applying the H∞ mixed-sensitivity optimization a...

HOW TO CITE: Nickless A, Scholes RJ, Filby E. Spatial and temporal disaggregation of anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the City of Cape Town. S Afr J Sci. 2015;111(11/12), Art. #2014-0387, 8 pages. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/ sajs.2015/20140387 This paper describes the methodology used to spatially and temporally disaggregate carbon dioxide emission estimates for the City of Cape Town, to be use...