Frogs are animals that are capable of locomotion in two physically different media, aquatic and terrestrial. A comparison of the kinematics of swimming frogs in a previous study revealed a difference in propulsive impulse between jumping and swimming. To explore this difference further, we determined the instantaneous forces during propulsion in swimming using an impulse-momentum approach based...

The Ternus effect is a robust illusion of motion that produces element motion at short interstimulus intervals (ISIs; < 50 ms) and group motion at longer ISIs (> 50 ms). Previous research has shown that the nature of the stimuli (e.g., similarity, grouping), not just ISI, can influence the likelihood of perceiving element or group motion. We examined if semantic knowledge can also influence wha...

In this paper, we investigate the state estimation problem for a new class of discrete-time neural networks with Markovian jumping parameters as well as mode-dependent mixed time-delays. The parameters of the discrete-time neural networks are subject to the switching from one mode to another at different times according to a Markov chain, and the mixed time-delays consist of both discrete and d...

[Purpose] Lateral ankle sprains are common injuries suffered while playing sports, and abnormal forward- and inward-directed ground reaction force occurs during a jumping task. However, the influence of hip muscle strength training on jumping performance after ankle injuries has not been fully examined. This study thus examined changes in ground reaction force during a rebound-jump task after t...

In this article, we study the jumping numbers of an ideal in the local ring at rational singularity on a complex algebraic surface. By understanding the contributions of reduced divisors on a fixed resolution, we are able to present an algorithm for finding of the jumping numbers of the ideal. This shows, in particular, how to compute the jumping numbers of a plane curve from the numerical data...

One of the main challenges faced by peer-topeer (P2P) video-on-demand (VoD) systems is their ability, or lack thereof, to provide VCR functionality (e.g. random jump operations). Such jump operations can have special impact in the server load during flash crowd events, since the server is the only node in the system with a full copy of the video. Currently, there is little knowledge of the impa...

The stick insect Timema chumash belongs to a sub-order of the phasmids that is thought to have diverged early from other stick insects, and which is restricted to the southwest of North America. It jumps by rapidly extending the tibiae of both its hind legs simultaneously from an initially fully flexed position, unlike any other stick insect that has been described. The hind legs are 1.5 times ...

Recently we found that the marked behavioral difference between isolated and grouped rats occurred under foot shock situations by measuring frequency of jumping behavior in rats (Nishikawa and Tanaka, 1978). We also postulated by the results of methamphetamine administration and the behavioral findings that catecholaminergic hyperactivity especially receptor supersensitivity might play a role i...

Coalescence-induced droplet jumping on superhydrophobic surfaces with different initial positions was numerically simulated using the 2D multi-relaxation-time (MRT) Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Simulation results show that for coalesced droplets radii close to structure length scale, change of leads a significant deviation velocity and direction. By finely tuning flat-pillared surface, perpe...