According  to  a  basic  prediction  made  by  the  Revised  Hierarchical  Model  (RHM),  at  early  stages  of language  acquisition,  strong  L2-L1  lexical  links  are  formed.  RHM  predicts  that  these  links  weaken with  increasing  proficiency,  although  they  do  not  disappear  even  at  higher  levels  of  language development. To test this prediction, two groups of highly proficie...

In this paper, we study a kind of Stackelberg game where the controlled systems are described by backward stochastic differential delayed equations (BSDDEs). By introducing new adjoint equation, establish sufficient verification theorem for optimal strategies leader and follower in general case. Then, focus on linear–quadratic (LQ) with delay. The equilibrium is presented generalized fully coup...

the natural vibrations of clamped annular isotropic sector plates are analyzed using the extended kantorovich method (ekm). a conformal mapping is used to transform a sector with identified geometry to a rectangular plate which the solution is available in literature and solved by dalaei and kerr [1] using ekm. the developed iterative scheme converges very rapidly to the final result. the obtai...

When kinesin moves along microtubule, it can occasionally malfunction and make a backward step. Recent single molecule experiments on moving kinesin have revealed that the forward to backward step ratio depends exponentially on the load force. We introduce a model of a Brownian step that accounts for recorded data with great accuracy. We find that the forward to backward step ratio does not dep...

This paper introduces backward conditioning. Like forward conditioning (used in conditioned slicing), backward conditioning consists of specialising a program with respect to a condition inserted into the program. However, whereas forward conditioning deletes statements which are not executed when the initial state satisfies the condition, backward conditioning deletes statements which cannot c...

OBJECTIVE To use forward dynamic simulations of forward and backward pedaling in order to determine whether backward pedaling offers theoretical advantages over forward pedaling to rehabilitate common knee disorders.DESIGN. A comparison of knee joint loads was performed during forward and backward pedaling.BACKGROUND. Pedaling has been shown to be an effective rehabilitation exercise for a vari...

12 Predicting the future evolutionary state of a population is a primary goal of evolutionary 13 biology. One can differentiate between forward and backward predictability, where forward 14 predictability is the probability of the same adaptive outcome occurring in independent 15 evolutionary trials, and backward predictability is the likelihood of a particular adaptive 16 path given the knowle...