Anti-inflammatory effects of acetonic and methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Stachys byzanthina were investigated in this study. For assessment of anti-inflammatory properties, two well-characterized inflammatory models, formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema were used. In the former, the recording of the early phase started immediately after formalin injection and lasted for 10 mi...

post operative pain and its control remains one of the most important issues in the field of surgery and health care system. formalin test has been used as a method for assessing pain and analgesia in rats. systemic and spinally administered clonidine, an ?2-adrenergic agonist, is proved to enhance postoperative analgesia. it has also been shown that morphine-dependent rats experience more chro...

The formalin test is a model of injury-produced inflammatory pain. Anesthetics, in clinically relevant concentrations, affect neutrophils and immune suppression. This study was to determine whether halothane reliably inhibits inflammatory reaction and formalin induced pain behavior or does not. Rats were exposed to 100% oxygen (control) or halothane, respectively for 30 min and then 24 hr later...

objective(s) the present study was undertaken to investigate the nociception activity of promethazine, a tranquillizer devoid of hypnotic activity in mice. materials and methods antinociception was evaluated, using the acetic acid-induced writhing, tail flick, hot plate and formalin pain tests. results promethazine (4 and 6 mg/kg) and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) produced a significant inhi...

introduction: the role of midbrain reticular formation, which includes the nucleus cuneiformis (ncf), as a crucial antinociceptive region in descending pain modulation has long been investigated. in this study, we tried to highlight the role of ncf in morphine-induced antinociception in formalin-induced pain model in rats. methods: a total of 201 male wistar rats weighing 260-310 g were used in...

Vitamin B12 modulates pain at the local and peripheral levels. This study has investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of vitamin B12 on themuscle pain. We used diclofenac (cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and naloxone (opioid receptors antagonist) to clarify the possible mechanisms. For ICV injections, a guide cannula was implanted in the left lateral ...

abstractprevious studies have shown the role of opioid receptors located in the nucleus cuneiformis (cnf) in acute pain, but not in chronic pain models. in the present study, we have determined that possible effects of these receptors at the cnf on both early and late phases of formalin test following local and systemic morphine administration. each rat was given a subcutaneous 50-μl injection ...

Anti-inflammatory effects of acetonic and methanolic extracts of aerial parts of Stachys byzanthina were investigated in this study. For assessment of anti-inflammatory properties, two well-characterized inflammatory models, formalin test and carrageenan-induced paw edema were used. In the former, the recording of the early phase started immediately after formalin injection and lasted for 10 mi...

BACKGROUND Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a potent lipid mediator of inflammation, and its biological effects are mediated primarily through the high affinity LTB4 receptor BLT1. Although numerous studies have reported that LTB4-BLT1 signaling is involved in inflammatory diseases, the role of BLT1 signaling in pain remains undefined. To clarify the role of LTB4-BLT1 signaling in acute inflammatory pa...