Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a lower health related quality of life (HRQOL) compared to both healthy controls and the normal population. The aim of this study was to compare HRQOL between two groups of veteran and non-veteran SCI patients.   Methods : All male paraplegic non-veterans who had sustained complete SCI before 1988 and were residents of Tehran province (I...

One of the most commonly mentioned features of informal spoken Iranian Persian in contrast to its formal or written form is the pronunciation of /ān/ as [un], as in [tehrun] ‘Tehran’, and [iruni] ‘Iranian’. While several aspects of this phenomenon have been reported, a comprehensive treatment of the dialectal, sociolinguistic, phonological and phonetic aspects has not appeared. This paper attem...

The aqueous electrochemistry of a number of anthraquinone derivatives was studied by using cyclic voltammetry at the surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE). From measurements of the half-wave potential as a function of pH, the potential - pH diagrams were constructed for each compound. The values of formal potentials and the pK'a of some different redox and acid-base couples inv...

A synchronous framework for the interaction of an agent and an environment based on Moore machines is introduced. Within this framework, the notion of a Gödel agent is defined relative to a family of agents and environments and a time horizon T . A Gödel agent is the most flexible, adapting and self-improving agent with regard to the given environment family. It scores well across many environm...

There is significant lexical difference—words and usage of words-between spontaneous/colloquial language and the written language. This difference affects the performance of spoken language recognition systems that use statistical language models or context-free-grammars because these models are based on the written language rather than the spoken form. There are many filler phrases and colloqu...

This paper presents a descriptive overview and formal analysis of the use of pronominal clitics for realizing various types of arguments in Persian, with particular emphasis on object clitics in the verbal domain. We argue that pronominal clitics behave more like suffixes than independent syntactic elements; in cases where they take syntactic scope over an NP or a PP, they must be phrasal affix...

the exportation of modern novel from european languages to other literatures has long been the object of study and has been, most recently, evoked in discussions of world literature. the introduction of modern novel into the persian literary system through translation occurred about the turn of the twentieth century. the genre was unprecedented in persian and the concept of adabiyat was specifi...

This paper investigates the production of restrictive relative clauses (henceforth RRCs) in Heritage Greek contact with US English. In Greek, RRCS are introduced either by pronoun o opios ‘the who’ which agrees nominal head it modifies and is preferred formal registers; or un-inflected complementizer pu 'that', appears mostly colloquial speech. English, RRCs non-agreeing pronouns who that. The ...