Complexity in ecological systems has challenged forest simulation modelers for years, resulting in a number of approaches with varying degrees of success. Arguments in favor of hierarchical modeling are made, especially for considering a complex environmental issue like widespread eastern hemlock regeneration failure. We present the philosophy and basic framework for the NORTHern Woodland Dynam...

Cadmium can be found in wastewater in high concentrations and can cause dangerous effect on aqueous environment and human health. At present, many methods have been used to heavy metals removal. Among this clean up techniques, adsorption techniques by using low-cost adsorbent are more considerable. In this study, batch adsorption experiments were conducted for removal of cadmium ions from a...

Forty-¤ ve green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) street trees in Toledo, Ohio were photographed, measured, and visually rated for conditions related to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis)(EAB) attacks.  ese trees were later removed, and sections were examined from each tree to determine the length of time that growth rates had been impacted. A classi¤ cation system was developed to discern th...

Stormwater management that relies on ecosystem processes, such as tree canopy interception and rhizosphere biology, can be difficult to achieve in built environments because urban land is costly and urban soil inhospitable to vegetation. Yet such systems offer a potentially valuable tool for achieving both sustainable urban forests and stormwater management. We evaluated tree water uptake and r...

introduction forest ecosystems have continuously downgraded due to every environmental pressure including climate change, aerosols deposits, industrial pollutions and other degradation factors. the output soon or late would be a different forest. forest monitoring is a well-regulated and usually long running procedure, which has the ability to detect these phenomena and reactions based on aims ...

Incineration ashes may be treated either as a waste to be dumped in landfill, or as a resource that is suitable for re-use. In order to choose the best management scenario, knowledge is needed on the potential environmental impact that may be expected, including not only local, but also regional and global impact. In this study, A life cycle assessment (LCA) based approach was outlined for envi...

increasing urbanisation and industrialisation have led to a dramatic reduction in forest area, and now only culturally protected remnants of natural forests and some new plantations remain in most areas of the north of iran. to investigate the status of the chemical and physical characteristics of soil under these remnant forests and assess the possible impacts of reforestation on soil properti...

An epidemic of ash dieback disease has spread east to west across Europe, first being noted in Poland in 1992 [1]. The disease is caused by the ascomycete fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus (also previously known as Chalara fraxinea and H. pseudoalbidus). This is one of several tree pathogens and insect pests that are recent newcomers to Europe caused by worldwide movements of plants and woody mate...