Thermoelastic behavior of temperature-dependent (TD) and independent (TID) functionally graded variable thickness cantilever beam subjected to mechanical and thermal loadings is studied based on shear deformation theory using a semi-analytical method. Loading is composed of a transverse distributed force, a longitudinal distributed temperature field due to steady-state heat conduction from root...

This paper presents a three-dimensional extension of graphic statics using polyhedral form and force diagrams for the design of compression-only and tension-only spatial structures with externally applied loads. It explains the concept of 3D structural reciprocity based on Rankine’s original proposition for the equilibrium of spatial frames. It provides a definition for polyhedral reciprocal fo...

pushover analysis is a simplified nonlinear analysis technique that can be used to estimate the dynamic demands imposed on a structure under earthquake excitations. one of the first steps taken in this approximate solution is to assess the maximum roof displacement, known as target displacement, using the base shear versus roof displacement diagram. that could be done by the so-called dynamic p...

This article proposes a technique to calculate the coefficient of friction for the fingertip- object interface. Twelve subjects (6 males and 6 females) participated in two experiments. During the first experiment (the imposed displacement method), a 3-D force sensor was moved horizontally while the subjects applied a specified normal force (4 N, 8 N, 12 N) on the surface of a sensor covered wit...

The safety evaluation model, the resistant internal force diagram and realtime internal force diagram based on the real-time monitoring of a bridge as well as the application are expounded. The internal force envelope method in bridge design is app lied to the remote monitoring of bridge health, and a kind of safety evaluation method based on internal force envelope theory is proposed. Comparin...

We introduce a multiscale model for contact mechanics between rough surfaces and apply it to characterize the force–displacement relationship for a metal-dielectric contact relevant for radio frequency micro-electromechanicl system (MEMS) switches. We propose a mesoscale model to describe the history-dependent force–displacement relationships in terms of the surface roughness, the long-range at...

AIMS The development of a vaginal probe for the evaluation of the dynamics of pelvic floor function is described. Fundamental criteria in the design of this probe involves the incorporation of a means of assessing whether the isotonic forces closing the vagina are equally distributed or whether they are greater in some directions than others. The aim of this study is to present the design of di...

Properties of supporting surfaces of a seat have an influence on postural control. Centre of pressure (COP) displacement parameters reflect both the balance controlling process and movements of the centre of a mass of entire body. The subjects of the study were 9 healthy men. A seat cushion was examined with a 2-force platform setup. Force exertion at a seat pan and feet and COP displacement at...

In a recent experiment for determining the mechanical response of brain in vim. a probe, inserted through scalp, skull and dura, is placed in contact with and normal to the brain. given a prescribed motion, and the time variation of corresponding force is measured. In the corresponding continuum mechanical model, brain is idealized as a linear isotropic viscoelastic solid constrained by a rigid...