The fundamental input-output identities that express the solution for commodity output and price also guarantee that nominal GDP is the same whether measured as the sum of final demand expenditures or as the sum of value added. In the simplified framework in which the identities are usually presented, all relationships hold exactly, and there is one homogenous price for each commodity. However,...

The aim of this study was to determine whether cyclists modify the pattern of force application to become more effective during a prolonged ride to exhaustion. Twelve competitive male cyclists completed a steady-rate exercise ride to exhaustion at 80% of their maximum power output at 90 rev x min(-1) on a cycle ergometer. Pedal force, pedal and crank angle data were collected from an instrument...

Educational Upgrading and Returns to Skills in Latin America: Evidence from a Supply-Demand Framework, 1990-2010 It has been argued that a factor behind the decline in income inequality in Latin America in the 2000s was the educational upgrading of its labor force. Between 1990 and 2010, the proportion of the labor force in the region with at least secondary education increased from 40 to 60 pe...

Water storage tanks not designed explicitly for seismic loading could require retrofit. One of the common ways of retrofit include some structural change in the lateral load resisting system that could be expensive and requires the tank to be out of service for relatively long time. This paper introduces a novel method to reduce seismic demand on tank’s wall without structural intervention. Thi...