This article studies the problem of evil in Abrahamic religions and philosophical traditions, and tries to restate their solutions in a contemporary language. The author aims at affirming traditional Abrahamic approaches to theodicy that preserve divine omnipotence, benevolence, and omniscience, but without denying the reality of evil.

The holy Quran has put “calling people to do good deeds” [or calling people to an act of benevolence] besides and prior to “commanding rightand forbidding wrong”, [or commanding beneficence and forbidding maleficence]. However in many interpretive and jurisprudential books, no sufficient effort has been made to elaborate the difference features between these two and their results, whose  manife...

abstract:the aim of current study is to investigate customs, traditions and beliefs related to evil eye according to anthropology of religion and beliefs. some differences have been always distinguished between religious rites and magical rites in anthropology of religion. in this study, we will first present determined definitions of religion and witchery from anthropological perspective and t...

For 1 ≤ d ≤ ` < k, we give a new lower bound for the minimum d-degree threshold that guarantees a Hamilton `-cycle in k-uniform hypergraphs. When k ≥ 4 and d < ` = k − 1, this bound is larger than the conjectured minimum d-degree threshold for perfect matchings and thus disproves a wellknown conjecture of Rödl and Ruciński. Our (simple) construction generalizes a construction of Katona and Kier...

Forbidding-enforcing systems (fe-systems) define classes of languages (fe-families) based on boundary conditions. We characterize f -families having not necessarily finite forbidders and prove that none of the Chomsky families of languages can be defined with an fe-system, hence, fe-systems provide a completely new way of defining classes of languages. We show that f -families map to f -familie...

Motivated by biomolecular computing, forbidding-enforcing systems (fe-systems) were first used to define classes of languages (fefamilies) based on boundary conditions. This paper presents a new model of fe-systems in which fe-systems define single languages (fe-languages) based on forbidden and enforced subwords. The paper characterizes wellknown languages by fe-systems, investigates the relat...

This paper introduces a new way of modeling classes of physical and biochemical processes and structures based on boundary conditions that are called ‘‘forbidden’’ and ‘‘enforced’’. The model of forbidding–enforcing systems (fe-systems) is presented in a general categorical sense and we use three specific examples of categories to illustrate three different phenomena. The hydrogen and covalent ...

the problem of evil, along with its three subdivisions (ethical, physical and metaphysical) is among the most challenging philosophical and theological problems. one of the most important answers which have been given to this problem from various philosophical and theological traditions from ancient times until today is to judge that evil is related to non-existence. it seems that on the basis ...

This paper introduces FE0L (forbidding context-free L systems) and FET0L (FE0L systems with tables) systems with permitting conditions and the algorithm for reducing the number of the nonterminal symbols in FE0L (FET0L) systems. The productions of FE0L (FET0L) systems (grammars) do not have only the forbidding conditions but also other attached strings, called permitting conditions. The derivat...