john hick’s pluralism hypothesis is an endeavor from and within christian tradition to explain the relation of christianity with other world religions. his basically claim is that all religions epistemologically have the same value and do well in leading their followers to the ultimate salvation. for justifying his claim, hick has to defend his hypothesis at two levels: first he has to defend t...

for realists, the literature is the instrument to identify the real social logics and relationships. the school of realism objects to expand the social awareness of its readers, and it suggests them new subjects. according to this approach, the woman’s life has become an issue of the literary works. the exploration of the works written by balzac and jamalzadeh, the founders of the school of rea...

Territorial disputes between governments generate a significant amount of uncertainty for economic actors. Settled boundary agreements produce benefits to economic agents on both sides of the border. These qualities of borders are missed both by realists, who view territorial conflicts in overly zero-sum terms, and globalists, who claim borders are increasingly irrelevant. Settled borders help ...

In an influential article published in 1982, Bas Van Fraassen developed an argument against causal realism on the basis of an analysis of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen correlations of quantum mechanics. Several philosophers of science and experts in causal inference – including some causal realists like Wesley Salmon – have accepted Van Fraassen’s argument, interpreting it as a proof that the qua...

Are judicial rulings based solely on laws and facts? Legal formalism holds that judges apply legal reasons to the facts of a case in a rational, mechanical, and deliberative manner. In contrast, legal realists argue that the rational application of legal reasons does not sufficiently explain the decisions of judges and that psychological, political, and social factors influence judicial rulings...

In this paper, I argue that not only is metaphysical modal normativism an attractive view but that, as a matter of fact, many us have, all along, been normativists particular stripe. Namely, we have the kinds normativists, in form counterpart theorists, who are robust realists about possibility simpliciter. Having introduced Thomasson does Norms and Necessity, go on to recast it somewhat differ...

This article focuses on emergence in social systems. The author begins by proposing a new tool to explore the mechanisms of social emergence: multi agent–based computer simulation. He then draws on philosophy of mind to develop an account of social emergence that raises potential problems for the methodological individualism of both social mechanism and of multi agent simulation. He then draws ...

The No-Miracles Argument (NMA) is often used to support scientific realism.We can formulate this argument as an inference to the best explanation (IBE), but doing so leads to the worry that it is viciously circular. Realists have responded to this accusation of circularity by appealing to reliabilism, an externalist epistemology. In this paper I argue that this retreat fails. Reliabilism suffer...

Abstract Aggregating individuals’ consistent attitudes might produce inconsistent collective attitudes. Some groups therefore need the capacity to form that are irreducible those of their members. Such groups, group-agent realists argue, agents in control own attitude formation. In this paper, however, I show how realism overlooks important fact consist strategically interacting agents. Only by...

This paper seeks to show that Bernard Williams’ approach legitimacy falls short of its aspirations in ways cast doubt on fitness for guiding the practice future realist political theory. More precisely, focuses shortcomings realism establishing a connection (the practices of) politics, and how redeem those way would render them suitable The first substantive section considers compatible commitm...