extremity amputation. The most frequent underlying etiologies are neuropathy, trauma, deformity, high plantar pressures, and peripheral arterial disease. Thorough and systematic evaluation and categorization of foot ulcers help guide appropriate treatment. The Wagner and University of Texas systems are the ones most frequently used for classification of foot ulcers, and the stage is indicative ...

BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus remains the predominant pathogen in diabetic foot infections and prevalence of methicillin resistant S.aureus (MRSA) strains further complicates the situation. The incidence of MRSA in infected foot ulcers is 15-30% and there is an alarming trend for its increase in many countries. Diabetes acts as an immunosuppressive state decreasing the overall immune functio...

In current clinical practice the degree of paraplegia or quadriplegia is objectively determined with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and somatosensory-evoked potentials (SSEP). We measured the MEG signal following electrical stimulation of upper and lower limbs in two normal and three clinically complete paraplegic subjects. From the MEG signal we computed distributed estimates of brain...

INTRODUCTION A diabetic foot lesion remains a major cause of morbidity in diabetic patients with chronic kidney disease. We studied the relation between kidney function and the risk of amputation in patients with diabetic foot. MATERIALS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the charts of 244 patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Sari, Iran, for diabetic foot from 1996 to 2005. The...

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin is commonly used to treat spastic equinus foot. This treatment seems to improve gait in hemiplegic patients when used alone or combined with an ankle-foot orthosis. However, the nature and effects of this improvement have until now rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to quantify the impact of a Botulinum toxin injection in the triceps surae of hemiplegic pa...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cost of foot ulcers in diabetic patients. METHODS Retrospective pharmacoeconomic study using direct and indirect costs (sick leave days) from the perspective of French social security system. RESULTS 239 patients were included in the study by 80 physicians who treat diabetic patients suffering from foot ulcers. Initially identified by telephone survey, these physic...

Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis involving the ankle and foot is a rare entity with its prevalence being ever rarer in pediatric population. Here, we report case of two-year-old female child who presented gradually progressive non-traumatic swelling right since two months. The patient was initially managed by local doctor immobilization slab for three weeks. Blood investigations were suggestive an ...

Two repeated experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different stocking densities onbroiler performance, carcass characteristics, litter quality and foot lesionsusing 5224 one day-old Ross 308 broilers. In each experiment, a total of 2612 one day-old broilers were allocated in 16 floor pens at densities of 16, 18, 20 and 22 birds/m2 of floor space in an environmentally controll...