The mcr-1 gene was found in 11 isolates from a Portuguese Salmonella collection (n = 1,010; 58 serotypes; 2002-15) of clinical samples, foodstuff, food-animals and water. Mcr-1 has been located on different plasmids (IncX4/IncHI2) in pig-associated multidrug-resistant, copper-tolerant S.1,4,[5],12:i:-/ST34 and S. Rissen/ST469 clones from human and pork products since at least 2011. Our data hig...

Actinomycetes are Gram-positive bacteria and they also known as a good source of microbial secondary metabolites producer in various pharma industries for therapeutic use. It is reported that many synthetic colors causes many serious problems related to environmental and it creates interest towards natural pigments from microorganisms. Natural pigments from actinomycetes are potentially good al...

The Member States (MS) of the European Union (EU) are obliged to monitor the radioactivity in the environment since the signature of the Euratom Treaty (Treaty establishing the European Atomic Energy Community). Numerous secondary legislations derived from the Treaty can be found stating restrictions and maximum permitted levels of radionuclides in foodstuff. But to that purpose, no common inte...

Aflatoxins (AF) are mycotoxins derived by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are listed as Group I carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a body of the World Health Organization. The main aflatoxins are the B1 (AFB1), B2, G1 and G2 together with their metabolites, among which the most important is the aflatoxin B1. AFB1 is the molecule with the hi...

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a secondary metabolite produced by filamentous fungi of the genera Aspergillus and Penicillium present in a wide variety of foodstuffs. The most relevant OTAproducing species are Penicillium verrucosum (P. verrucosum), Aspergillus ochraceus (A. ochraceus), A. niger and A. carbonarius due to their prevalence in foodstuffs (cereals, grapes, coffee, etc.) and the number of st...

Plants are unique sources of useful metabolites. Plant essential oils display a wide range of antimicrobial effects against various pathogens. Here, we studied the essential oil from the seeds of Carum copticum. We monitored aflatoxin by high-performance liquid chromatography. Results show that Carum copticum essential oil inhibits Asergillus parasiticus growth and prevents aflatoxin production...