The serum folic acid activity (SFAA) was measured using Lactobacillus casei as the test organism. The SFAA was lower for patients with malignant tumors than for the control group. The lowest values were for malignant lymphoma and leu kemia. No relation was found between the SFAA and either the spread of the tu mors, the therapy administered, the age of the patient or the degree of wasting. Al t...

When rodents are fed in a limited amount during the daytime, they rapidly redistribute some of their nocturnal activity to the time preceding the delivery of food. In rats, anticipation of a daily meal has been interpreted as a circadian rhythm controlled by a food-entrained oscillator (FEO) with circadian limits to entrainment. Lesion experiments place this FEO outside of the light-entrainable...

When food is restricted to a few hours daily, animals increase their locomotor activity 2-3 h before food access, which has been termed food anticipatory activity. Food entrainment has been linked to the expression of a circadian food-entrained oscillator (FEO) and the anatomic substrate of this oscillator seems to depend on diverse neural systems and peripheral organs. Previously, we have desc...

Flavone acetic acid (FAA), a new drug with broad activity against transplanted solid tumors of mice, induces nonrepairable DNA single strand breaks that correlate with therapeutic efficacy. To test the hypothesis that the inability of the cells to repair single strand breaks is associated with a disruption of tumor energy metabolism, in vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acq...

Anticipatory cognition, that is, the ability to mentally represent future needs, is a uniquely human trait that has arisen along the hominid line. We argue for the co-evolution of early anticipatory cognition and the Oldowan cultural niche. Following Plummer (2004), we identify the niche as consisting of stone tool manufacture, of transports over long ranges of tools as well as food and of the ...

Perception of the smell of a food precedes its ingestion and perception of its flavor. The neurobiological underpinnings of this association are not well understood. Of central interest is whether the same neural circuits code for anticipatory and consummatory phases. Here, we show that the amygdala and mediodorsal thalamus respond preferentially to food odors that predict immediate arrival of ...

Anticipatory physiological regulation is an adaptive strategy that enables animals to respond faster to physiologic and metabolic challenges. The cephalic phase responses are anticipatory responses that prepare animals to digest, absorb, and metabolize nutrients. They enable the sensory aspects of the food to interact with the metabolic state of the animal to influence feeding behavior. The ant...

Brain activity immediately before an event can predict whether the event will later be remembered. This indicates that memory formation is influenced by anticipatory mechanisms engaged ahead of stimulus presentation. Here, we asked whether anticipatory processes affect the learning of short word lists, and whether such activity varies as a function of serial position. Participants memorized lis...

Expectations about an upcoming emotional event have the power to shape one s subsequent affective response for better or worse. Here, we used mediation analyses to examine the relationship between brain activity when anticipating the need to cognitively reappraise aversive images, amygdala responses to those images and subsequent success in diminishing negative affect. We found that anticipator...