caucasus has been an important region for turkey since the collapse of the soviet :union:. this importance emanates from the region’s own natural resources, its position at the crossroads of the oil and gas rich regions of the world and chronic political instability and security threats. turkey as the key neighbour of the caucasus has experienced state – led fundamental and structural changes w...

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foreign policy cooperation and coordination among the european community member states and presenting europe with a single voice, has long been an important challenge within the european community/european union, especially since early 1970s. in the early 1990s, following the collapse of the ussr and the end of the cold war, there was a general speculation in europe that the ec may be able to p...

The development of prediction and forecasting in the social sciences over the past century and more is closely linked with developments in Russia. The Soviet collapse undermined confidence in predictive capabilites, and scenario planning emerged as the dominant future-oriented methodology in area studies, including the study of Russia. Scenarists anticipate multiple futures rather than predicti...

Few studies have attempted to examine analytically various aspects of the contract enforcement institutions in post-Soviet Russia. Researchers agree that the lack of legislation for improving the operation of the legal system, which in turn would enhance the ability of exchange, is producing severe obstacles for economic growth. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the administrative hi...

This paper explores the building of administrative and democratic institutions of local government in newly emerging democracies in parts of the former Soviet Union and its satellite states in Eastern Europe. It covers the period through 2005. It studies the main objectives and achievements of the various reforms aimed at local government systems in Russia, Poland and Romania. The overall findi...

STUDY OBJECTIVE This study examined the change in ethnic differences in mortality in Estonia 1989-2000. DESIGN Two unlinked cross sectional census based analyses were compared. Total and cause specific mortality was analysed for ethnic Estonians and Russians. The absolute differences in mortality were evaluated through life expectancy at birth and age standardised mortality rates. Relative di...