Giant cell tumor (GCT) is a primary and benign tumor of bone, albeit locally aggressive in some cases, such as in the epi-metaphyseal region of long bones, predominantly the distal end of femur and proximal end of tibia (1). There are a variety of treatments for a bone affected by GCT, ranging from chemotherapy, radiotherapy, embolization, and cryosurgery, to surgery with the use of chemical or...

In 1926 Hermann Weyl’s Philosophy of Mathematics and Natural Science appeared in Oldenbourg’s Handbuch der Philosophie. At the time Hilbert’s formalist program to “eradicate via proof theory all the foundational questions of mathematics” was in full swing. As a pupil of Hilbert, Weyl was looking to the complete and ultimate success of Hilbert’s program, a confidence evident in Weyl’s treatment ...

The formalist philosophy of mathematics (in its purest, most extreme version) is widely regarded as a “discredited position”. This pure and extreme version of formalism is called by some authors “game formalism”, because it is alleged to represent mathematics as a meaningless game with strings of symbols. Nevertheless, I would like to draw attention to some arguments in favour of game formalism...

conclusions there is still not a definitive consensus as to which technique is superior, but including one of the methods in addition to providing the patient with parenteral and enteral drugs could provide better postsurgical analgesia. the aim of this review article is to look at the effectiveness of various local anesthetic techniques available to provide analgesia following laparoscopic sur...