BACKGROUND Polyurethane (PU) foam is widely used as a model for cancellous bone. The higher density foams are used as standard biomechanical test materials, but none of the low density PU foams are universally accepted as models for osteoporotic (OP) bone. The aim of this study was to determine whether low density PU foam might be suitable for mimicking human OP cancellous bone. METHODS Quasi...

Interaction of oxidized LDL (OxLDL) with macrophage-derived foam cells is one of the key events in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. To study this interaction, macrophage-derived foam cells were isolated from rabbit atherosclerotic lesions and the expression of scavenger receptors for OxLDL was examined. Atherosclerosis was induced in rabbits by denudation of the large arterie...

This study aimed to develop a modified Tessari method for producing more sclerosing foam in treatment of extensive venous malformations. Sclerosing foam was produced by using Tessari method and the modified Tessari method. The procedure of the later was as follows: prepared foam in a sclerosant-air ratio of 1:4; connected three disposable 10 ml syringes to two medical three-way taps; drawn 4 ml...

The concept of foam sclerotherapy was originally introduced by Orbach in 1944 who described the use of a froth made by shaking a syringe of sclerosant with air. He found that this was 10% more effective than the sclerosant used alone. Little was heard of this technique until Cabrera published an article in 1997 describing his experience in 261 limbs with long saphenous varices and 8 patients wi...

Thin metal films coated on soft elastomeric foam substrates exhibit enhanced electromechanical performance. The open-cell foam structure conveys highly anisotropic mechanical properties within the top, thin capping elastomer at the surface of the foam. Upon stretching, large strain fields inducing cracks and folds localize above the foam cells, while the surrounding cell ligaments remain almost...

Radiometric measurements of the microwave emissivity of foam were conducted in May 2000 at the Naval Research Laboratory’s Chesapeake Bay Detachment using radiometers operating at 10.8 and 36.5 GHz. Horizontal and vertical polarization measurements were made at 36.5 GHz; horizontal, vertical, +45, 45, left circular, and right circular polarization measurements were obtained at 10.8 GHz. Surface...

Studies of the crushing behavior of closed-cell, aluminum foam-filled aluminum and steel tubes have shown an interaction effect between tube wall and foam filler [1, 2, 3]. The crushing loads of foam-filled tubes are, therefore, found to be higher than the sum of the crushing loads of foam (alone) and tube (alone) mainly due to this effect. Santosa et al. [1], based on FEM results, proposed the...

Beta-migrating very low density lipoproteins (R-VLDL) and chemically modified low density lipoproteins (LDL), labeled with the fluorescent probe 3,3-dioctadecylindocarbocyanine (Dil), were used to determine whether foam cells from atherosclerotic lesions have lipoprotein receptors similar to those of macrophages. The advantage of the Dil probe is that it produces a brilliant fluorescence due to...

Spray polyurethane foam insulation is commonly used in the construction industry to fill gaps, seal, and insulate. We present three cases of intentional spray foam insertion in body orifices and discuss the management of such situations in the emergency department. This series includes a case of oral foam insertion used in a suicide attempt by suffocation and two cases of rectal insertion. All ...

Steam injection has had a profound impact on the production of heavy crude oil. Steam, however, is inviscid compared to a viscous oil and is not the ideal displacement agent. Field studies and laboratory tests have shown that foaming the steam phase through the aid of a suitable surfactant in aqueous solution can achieve mobility control of injected gases and mitigate the effects of gravity ove...