An analytical solution is derived for the acoustic streaming generated by two orthogonal standing waves in a fluid confined between two plane rigid walls. It is assumed that the standing waves have the same frequency but, in general, are out of phase. The main restriction is that the boundary layer thickness is much smaller than the acoustic wavelength. It is shown that the acoustic streaming g...

Background: Bacterial meningitis in the newborn is globally renowned for high mortality. The associated morbidities also include audiologic, motor, visual and mental deficits. Objective: To highlight the peculiarities in the current diagnostic and management strategies in newborn meningitis. Methods: Relevant literature on the subject published only in English language or translated to English ...

BACKGROUND Recent studies have emphasized the importance of perioperative fluid restriction. However, fluid restriction regimens may increase the likelihood of insufficient perioperative fluid administration or may result in excess intravascular crystalloid replacement. We postulate that the use of transesophageal echocardiography may reduce the amount of crystalloid administered during open an...

Chronic Kidney Disease is an end stage kidney disease which a progressive and irreversible impairment of function in the body's ability to fail maintain metabolism. This complication hypertension, diabetes mellitus, pyelonephritis acute renal failure. study aims describe implementation fluid restriction interventions address risk volume overload. The method used descriptive with case approach s...

This study combined overnight fluid restriction with lack of fluid intake during prolonged cycling to determine the effects of dehydration on substrate oxidation, skeletal muscle metabolism, heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) response, and time trial (TT) performance. Nine males cycled at ~65% VO2peak for 90 min followed by a TT (6 kJ/kg BM) either with fluid (HYD) or without fluid (DEH). Blood samp...

Suboptimal kidney development resulting from a genetic deficit in nephron number can have lifelong consequences that may lead to cardiorenal complications upon exposure to secondary insults in later life. To determine whether the inherited reduced renal reserve compromises the ability to handle osmotic stress in the adult animal, we challenged the heterozygous 3H1 Brachyrrhine (Br/+) mouse, whi...

BACKGROUND Although half of all patients with heart failure (HF) have a normal or near-normal ejection fraction and their prognosis differs little from that of patients with a reduced ejection fraction, the pathophysiology of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF) is still poorly understood, and its management poorly supported by clinical trials. Sodium and fluid restriction is the most c...

Background: Two common dysfunctions among traumatic brain injury (TBI) are hyponatremia secondary to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) and cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS).The present study was aimed to define real incidence and most common cause of this problem. Differentiation between these two syndromes is difficult because of overlapping signs, sympto...

The isolation and characterization of a human T-cell lymphotropic retrovirus related to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) from cerebrospinal fluid of a Jamaican patient with tropical spastic paraparesis is described. The virus isolate is a typical type C retrovirus as seen by electron microscopy and is related to prototype HTLV-I isolated from patients with adult T-cell leukemia b...