it is necessary to generate the automorphism group of a chemical graph in computer-aidedstructure elucidation. an euclidean graph associated with a molecule is defined by a weightedgraph with adjacency matrix m = [dij], where for i≠j, dij is the euclidean distance between thenuclei i and j. in this matrix dii can be taken as zero if all the nuclei are equivalent. otherwise,one may introduce dif...

in this paper, we introduce the notions of product vague graph, balanced product vague graph, irregularity and total irregularity of any irregular vague graphs and some results are presented. also, density and balanced irregular vague graphs are discussed and some of their properties are established. finally we give an application of vague digraphs.

Many insects foraging for nectar or pollen exhibit flower constancy, a learned fidelity to a particular species of plant that previously provided a reward. Constancy may persist even when alternative flowers are available that provide a greater or less variable reward. This strategy entails more travelling time than one of generalization (visiting all suitable flowers as they are encountered). ...

Chain-like Co flower is synthesized by simply modulating the reaction conditions via a facile liquid-phase reduction method. The morphology evolution process and transformation mechanism from particle to flower and finally to chain-like flower have been systematically investigated. [001] is the preferred growth orientation due to the existence of easy magnetic axis. The microwave loss mechanism...

To study the effect of chemical and biological fertilizers on growth and essential oil content of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.), the present work was conducted in 2012-2013 at the experimental field of Alborz Research Station of the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Karaj, Iran. The experiment was conducted in factorial in the form of a randomized complete block design wit...

Natural Standard Bottom Line Monograph, Copyright © 2010 (www.naturalstandard.com). Commercial distribution prohibited. This monograph is intended for informational purposes only, and should not be interpreted as specific medical advice. You should consult with a qualified healthcare provider before making decisions about therapies and/or health conditions. While some complementary and alternat...

Flower strips are commonly recommended to boost biodiversity and multiple ecosystem services (e.g., pollination and pest control) on farmland. However, significant knowledge gaps remain regards the extent to which they deliver on these aims. Here, we tested the efficacy of flower strips that targeted different subsets of beneficial arthropods (pollinators and natural enemies) and their ecosyste...

Canna indica (Zingiberales) is one of the most important ornamental species characterized with beautiful petaloid staminodes, which are considered to evolve from stamens. However, the genetic basis for the development of petaloid staminodes remains unclear largely because the genomic sequences are not available. By using RNA-Seq, we sequenced the transcripts in the flower of C. indica, and quan...

Let G(V;E) be a graph. The common neighborhood graph (congraph) of G is a graph with vertex set V , in which two vertices are adjacent if and only if they have a common neighbor in G. In this paper, we obtain characteristics of congraphs under graph operations; Graph :::::union:::::, Graph cartesian product, Graph tensor product, and Graph join, and relations between Cayley graphs and its c...

abstract rosa damascena has attracted considerable attention in horticulture, biochemistry and in pharmacology because of the fragrance of the flowers and the high content of its bio-logically active substances. there is limited information available on factors controlling flower yield and its components. the present study reports an investigation on flower yield and the various factors affect...