We classify a quasiperiodic flow as either algebraic or transcendental. For an algebraic quasiperiodic flow φ on the n-torus, Tn, we prove that an absolute invariant of the smooth conjugacy class of φ, known as the multiplier group, is a subgroup of the group of units of the ring of integers in a real algebraic number field F of degree n over Q. We also prove that for any real algebraic number ...

High instruction level parallelism (ILP) can only be achieved when data $0~ and control flow constraints have been removed or reduced. Data jlow constraints, not inherent in the original code, arise from lack of sufJicient resources for initiation and execution of multiple instructions concurrently. Control flow problems are caused by branches which force unpredictable changes in the sequential...

We consider the following 2-commodity, integer network synthesis problem: Given two n×n, non-negative, symmetric, integer-valued matrices R = (rij) and S = (sij) of minimum flow requirements of 2 different commodities, construct an undirected network G = [N,E, c] on node set N = {1, 2, . . . , n} with integer edge capacities {c(e) : e ∈ E}, such that: (i) for any two pairs (i, j) and (k, l), i ...

This paper presents the use of a novel evolutionary algorithm called Biogeography-based optimization (BBO) for the solution of the optimal power flow problem. The objective is to minimize the total fuel cost of generation and environmental pollution caused by fossil based thermal generating units and also maintain an acceptable system performance in terms of limits on generator real and reactiv...

Abstract. Conceptualizing passive storage in coupled flow–isotope models can improve the simulation of mixing and attenuation effects on tracer transport many natural systems, such as catchments or rivers. However, effectiveness incorporating different conceptualizations complex karst flow systems remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a model that conceptualizes both “fast-flow...

Abstract The aim of the present study is to explore strategies in enumerating units three dimensional (3D) arrays. We analyse enumeration students grade 3 (ages 8 9) situations cubical and spherical representations 3D By exploring students’ these two situations, we find that difficulties arrays can be traced units-locating, with consequence applying double triple counting. Our results also indi...

A continuous-flow synthesis of (–)-oseltamivir composed of five flow units was accomplished. In each unit, the following reactions proceed efficiently: (1) a diphenylprolinol silyl ether mediated Michael reaction, (2) a domino reaction of Michael and intermolecular Horner– Wadsworth–Emmons reactions, (3) protonation, (4) epimerization, and (5) reduction of a nitro group to an amine. (–)-Oseltam...