Consider the dynamics of turbulent flow in rivers, estuaries and floods. Based on the widely used k-ǫ model for turbulence, we use the techniques of centre manifold theory to derive dynamical models for the evolution of the water depth and of vertically averaged flow velocity and turbulent parameters. This new model for the shallow water dynamics of turbulent flow: resolves the vertical structu...

One of the most important factors in determining the depth of foundations in structures adjacent to the water flow is the scouring phenomenon; the scouring is a phenomenon caused by the interactions between water flow and erodible bed materials, which causes the removal of sediments where hydraulic structures are located, including bridge piers. Every year, a great number of bridges are damaged...

OBJECTIVE To assess the predictive power of various parameters on the final outcome of ulcerated diabetic feet among the Hong Kong Chinese population. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Regional public hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS Medical records of 340 diabetic patients with foot ulcers (535) who were referred to the Diabetic Foot Clinic between July 1995 and June 2000 were revi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Convective gas flow in helophytes (emergent aquatic plants) is thought to be an important adaptation for the ability to colonize deep water. In this study, the maximum depths achieved by seven helophytes were compared in 17 lakes differing in nutrient enrichment, light attenuation, shoreline exposure and sediment characteristics to establish the importance of convective flow...

Current data of high-redshift absorption-line systems imply that hydrogen reionization occurred before redshifts of about 5. Previous works on reionization by the Ðrst stars or quasars have shown that such scenarios are described by a large number of cosmological and astrophysical parameters. Here we adopt a semianalytic model of stellar reionization in order to quantify how the optical depth t...

Structural differences between optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes has been documented, however the association between such parameters in patients with different disease stages is yet to be elucidated. We investigated the relationship between different laminar and prelaminar ONH structures using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence to...

This paper describes a method of extracting depth information about a scene from a single, static viewpoint. The. approach uses aperture variation to obtain a sequence of images differing only in depth of field, thus avoiding the 'correspondence problem associated with stereo and optical flow techniques. These images contain the necessary coded depth information. By using one image (that with t...

introduction: side weir structures are extensively used in hydraulic engineering, irrigation and environmental engineering, and it usually consists of a main weir and a lateral channel. side weirs are also used as an emergency structure. this structure is installed on one side or both sides of the main channel to divert the flow from the main channel to the side channel. lateral outflow takes p...