Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common female reproductive tract infection and is associated with an increased risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV by a mechanism that is not well understood. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are essential components of the adaptive and innate immune system, are present in the female reproductive tract, and play an important role in epithelial barrier protection....

The important role of commensal flora as a natural reservoir of bacterial resistance is now well established. However, whether the behavior of each commensal flora is similar to that of other floras in terms of rates of carriage and risk factors for bacterial resistance is unknown. During a 6-month period, we prospectively investigated colonization with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria in the...

Antibiotic-resistant strains of Escherichia coli and, to a lesser extent, Klebsiella-Enterobacter were common in serial samples of the normal intestinal flora of healthy young adults in Thailand, and the resistance often was to multiple drugs and was transferable. Antibiotic administration promoted dominance of the flora by drug-resistant organisms regardless of the drug regimen and the predrug...

The consumption of a chemically defined diet altered both the faecal flora and faecal steroids. Enterobacteria increased while enterococci and other lactic acid bacteria decreased in number. No other obvious change occurred. However, the alteration in the degree of degradation of the faecal neutral steroids may reflect some alteration in the anaerobic flora. Total excretion of both acid and neu...

Oral administration of penicillin, terramycin, or chloramphenicol to NCS mice rapidly brought about profound changes in their fecal flora. The lactobacilli disappeared completely, whereas the numbers of enterococci and Gram-negative bacilli reached very high levels. In contrast, no effect on the fecal flora could be detected following administration of isoniazid in any amount. The intensity and...

A relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and intestinal flora has been suggested since development of analysis technology for intestinal flora. An animal model of T2DM is important for investigation of T2DM. Although there are some animal models of T2DM, a comparison of the intestinal flora of healthy animals with that of T2DM animals has not yet been reported. The intestinal flor...

The breakdown of glucosinolates, a group of thioglucoside compounds found in cruciferous plants, is catalysed by dietary or microbial myrosinase. This hydrolysis releases a range of breakdown products among which are the isothiocyanates, which have been implicated in the cancer-protective effects of cruciferous vegetables. The respective involvement of plant myrosinase and gut bacterial myrosin...

Seminal works on vascular plants in Pennsylvania include the Flora of Pennsylvania (Porter 1903), Wild Flowers of Western Pennsylvania and the Upper Ohio Basin (Jennings and Avinoff 1953), and Atlas of the Flora of Pennsylvania (Wherry et al. 1979). Given the age of Porter's work and the fact that Jennings and Avinoff's publication included only western Pennsylvania, the major reference work on...

Massive hemoptysis is one of the most important respiratory emergencies and pulmonary infiltrating diseases are among the rare causes of hemoptysis. Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is a safe and effective treatment in these patients. Our case was a 45 years old woman with a 7 year history of Hodgkin's lymphoma who presented with massive hemoptysis of 20 days duration. CT scan revealed prebr...

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an idiopathic disorder (vasculitis) restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). It often presents with focal neurological deficits suggesting stroke or a combination of confusion and headache. We herein report three cases with various combinations of fever, partial seizure, encephalopathy, paresis, headache and ataxia. One of them wa...