33 Normal bowel continence is a complex process that involves the coordinated interaction between multiple different neuronal pathways and the pelvic and perineal musculature.1 The importance of the anatomic relationships of the pelvic floor in maintaining normal continence has been suggested since the 1950s.2 Yet the complex series of neural and behavioral-mediated interactions, combined with ...

In the developing nervous system, motor axons grow away from the ventral midline floor plate, suggesting that the latter might be a source of repulsive axonal guidance cues. In donor to host transplantation experiments, ectopic pieces of floor plate were positioned between chick hindbrain motor neurons and their exit points. Immunohistochemistry and retrograde axonal labeling techniques demonst...

Aims of course/workshop This workshop will familiarize attendees with the basic methodology and clinical uses of pelvic floor ultrasound imaging, both using 2D ultrasound and 3D/ 4D technology, including the detection and assessment of pelvic floor trauma. Depending on local conditions, we may also be able to use live scan demonstrations to illustrate examination methodology and common conditions.

DESCRIPTION A 7-year-old boy was brought to the emergency department with a chief complaint of vomiting multiple times over the previous 24 hours. He had been struck in the face by his elder brother's knee while wrestling the day prior.

Visual and balance cues concerning the relative orientation of ourselves and our environment combine to direct our steps to select a secure footing. How are visual cues used to select the best support surface? Here we show that, when exposed to tilted, rectangular rooms of various aspect ratios, subjects do not necessarily choose the surface with its normal oriented closest to the gravity-defin...

When a robot moves about a 2D world such as a planar surface, it is important that obstacles to the robot's motions be detected. This classical problem of \obstacle detection" has proven to be di cult. Many researchers have formulated this problem as being the process of determining where a robot cannot move due to the presence of obstacles. An alternative approach presented here is to determin...

Lipomais a most common benign neoplasm of mature adipose tissue in trunk and extremities. The oral cavity rarely affected by this neoplasm(1-4%) and more occurs in buccal mucosa. Floor of the mouth is rarely affected. Usually its size is less than 3 cm. The present report shows an unusual case of large lipoma (5.5 cm in greatest dimension) in the floor of the mouth of a 68- year- old male and r...

The commissural axons project toward and across the floor plate. They then turn into the longitudinal axis, extending along the contralateral side of the floor plate. F-spondin, a protein produced and secreted by the floor plate, promotes adhesion and neurite extension of commissural neurons in vitro. Injection of purified F-spondin protein into the lumen of the spinal cord of chicken embryos i...

Public concern about the welfare of hens kept in conventional cages has become an important issue worldwide. This study examined the effects of conventional cages (CC) and floor pens (FP) on hens’ health and egg production. A total of 84 19-wk-old Bovan Brown hens were randomly assigned into 2-bird cage (n = 12), providing 968 cm2 floor space per hen or 10-bird floor pens (n = 6), providing 371...

Consent in surgery. Wheeler R Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2006 May;88(3):261-4. A review of consent for surgery is timely. As the length of surgeons' training diminishes, despite the increasing interest in the content of the surgical curriculum, the law governing the process of gaining consent has been given scant attention. The advent of non-medically qualified surgical practitioners raises question...