In assessing the relative efficiency of decision-maker units by classical Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models, the status of the data is determined from the input or output points of views. In real issues, there are some data whose statuses are debatable. Some decision making units consider them as input to achieve higher efficiency while some other decision making units consider them ...

Since the second half of the past century, increasingly flexible organizational forms are appearing among firms. However, while hierarchies are easily described, too few mathematical tools are available for flexible organizations. In this article, two measures are proposed in order to assess the state and trend of flexible organizations. The first of these measures is based on information waste...

In recent times flexible manufacturing systems emerged as a powerful technology to meet the continuous changing customer demands. Increase in the performance of flexible manufacturing systems is expected as a result of integration of the shop floor activities such as machine and vehicle scheduling. The authors made an attempt to integrate machine and vehicle scheduling with an objective to mini...

In this paper a ranking method using common weights methodology is presented. The goal of the enhancing decision maker (DM)’s influence in procedure. Although DM’s preference information an important element our method, approach can also be modified to used absence it. Since we aim implement on empirical instance, model deal with properties sample, so it developed presence interval data and fle...

Traditional energy-saving optimization of shop scheduling often separates the coupling relationship between a single machine and system, which not only limits potential but also leads to large deviation optimized result actual application. In practice, cutting-tool degradation during operation is inevitable, will lead increase in machining power resulting tool change disrupt rhythm production s...

Markovian processes have long been used to model stochastic environments. Reinforcement learning has emerged as a framework to solve sequential planning and decision making problems in such environments. In recent years, attempts were made to apply methods from reinforcement learning to construct adaptive treatment strategies, where a sequence of individualized treatments is learned from clinic...

Single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs) handling the uncertainties characterized by truth, indeterminacy, and falsity membership degrees, are a more flexible way to capture uncertainty. In this paper, some new types of distance measures, overcoming the shortcomings of the existing measures, for SVNSs with two parameters are proposed along with their proofs. The various desirable relations betwe...

Significant iatrogenic bleeding during flexible bronchoscopy is fortunately rare and usually self-limiting. Life-threatening bleeding, however, can occur, especially after conventional or cryoprobe-assisted transbronchial biopsy. The aim of this review is to provide the practising pulmonologist with a concise overview of the incidence, severity and risk factors for bleeding, to provide sensible...