considering current population rate and ratio of non renewable energies in countries' annual energy diagram which lead to increase of pollutions reeked from and irreparable effects on living environment, there will be an energy and living environment crisis in close future. so there are two main approaches that should be considered in countries' future program: change of construction ...

In this paper we pose the question of how one can quantify amount entanglement necessary to create a given steering assemblage, when original state and measurements are unknown. To do this, extend concepts cost formation assemblages, show upper bound them with semidefinite programming. We prove that for assemblages is not generally continuous flat roof extension; use numerical analysis illustra...

Urban green roofs are discussed as a local climate adaptation measure to limit surface warming and increase evaporative cooling by vegetation in urban environments. A five month measurement campaign was conducted to observe surface and air temperatures as well as dewfall dynamics and amounts on an urban green and co-located bitumen roof. Measurements were performed in the period from August to ...

Building reconstruction is one of the most difficult and important 3D modelling problems for urban environment. In this paper, we develop an approach using minimum number of basic geometric elements to reconstruct the buildings. The basic element is a number of unstructured 3D points representing the topological identity of a building roof. Such point primitives can be measured by human or comp...

This paper presents a model-based approach for 3-D building reconstruction unstructured distinct points. The data structure of a building is an unstructured roof point cloud digitized by operators. Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) model is applied in our approach for a complex roof which can be decomposed into three types of primitive models. The primitive model is represented as a tree. The l...

This paper compares the paradigms of LiDAR and aerophotogrammetry in the context of building extraction and briefly discusses a photogrammetric strategy for refining building roof polyhedrons previously extracted from LiDAR data. In general, empirical and theoretical studies have confirmed that LiDAR methodologies are more suitable in extracting planar roof faces and ridges of the roof, whereas...

An experimental study was conducted to quantify the flow characteristics of microburst-like wind and to assess the resultant wind loads acting on low-rise, gable-roof buildings induced by violent microburst-like winds compared with those in conventional atmospheric boundary layer winds. The experimental work was conducted by using an impinging-jet-based microburst simulator in the Department of...

This paper presents a data-driven method for automatic building reconstruction from raw airborne laser scanner data. The method utilises a TIN-structure that is calculated into the point cloud. The parameters of every TIN-mesh are mapped into a 3D trianglemesh parameter space, which is then analysed using a cluster analysis technique. By analysing the clusters, significant roof planes are deriv...

Abstract A flat slab is widely used as an alternative form of a house roof. The roof work does not take long. Its simple structure beautiful to homeowners with minimalist concept. Because this use covering, it very susceptible the influence sea. Damage often occurs. Acid rain causes concrete become porous material. This investigation aims produce durable solve existing problems. test object was...

INTRODUCTION The medial maxillary sinus roof is a ridge formed by the superior margin of the maxillary sinus antrostomy. The posterior wall of the maxillary sinus is always included in operative fields. OBJECTIVE To perform a radiologic study assessing the utility of the medial maxillary sinus roof and the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus as fixed landmarks for providing a safe route of ...