Nuclear fission has been used as a reliable source for utility power in the United States for decades. Even in the 1940’s, long before the United States had a viable space program, the theoretical benefits of nuclear power as applied to space travel were being explored [Humble, et. al.]. These benefits include long-life operation and high performance, particularly in the form of vehicle power d...

Almost all major nuclear operations produce residues containing radioactive materials; in reactor operations, for example, the fission products, new elements (such as plutonium) produced by neutron irradiation and the unfissioned nuclear fuel are all radioactive. Some of this material can be put to further use: useful radioisotopes, for instance, can be extracted from the fission products and p...

Introduction Safe operation of a nuclear reactor depends to a large extent on the behaviour of different fission products generated within the fuel. While most of the fission products settle down as dissolved state in the fuel matrix or as separate phases, the gaseous products, xenon(Xe), and krypton(Kr), and the volatile products, iodine(I), tellurium(Te), cesium(Cs), and rubidium(Rb), underg...

In order to derive the burnup of spent nuclear fuel from concentration selected fission products (typically Nd isotopes and 137 Cs), their irradiation-averaged yields need be known with sufficient accuracy, as they evolve changes in actinide vector over irradiation history. To obtain values, radiochemists often resort robust generic methods – i.e., based on simple mathematical relations that we...

This is the third part of three paper describing accidents at Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power station as analyzed in Phase 2 OECD/NEA project “Benchmark Study Accident Nuclear Power Plant” (BSAF). In this paper, we describe accident progression unit 3. Units 1 and are discussed parts series papers. BSAF project, eight organizations from five countries (CRIEPI, IAE, JAEA NRA, Japan; IRSN France;...

A steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) is a type of containment bypass accidents that if core damage not prevented during this accident progression, has the potential to lead significant release fission products (FPs) environment through faulted (SG) or other possible paths in secondary system. This paper presents best practice modeling approach more realistically quantify FP source terms expect...

The technical principles and practices of the civil nuclear industry are described with particular reference to fission and its products, natural and artificial radioactivity elements principally concerned and their relationships, main types of reactor, safety issues, the fuel cycle, waste management, issues related to weapon proliferation, environmental considerations and possible future devel...

As a droplet moves, due to evaporation at the surface, the droplet size is gradually reduced. Due to decreasing the size of the droplets moving in the spray core, the surface charges become closer and the repulsive force between the charges increases. When the Coulombic force overcomes the surface tension force (Rayleigh instability) the droplet breaks into smaller droplets (Coulomb fission). T...