As the energy markets continue to evolve, valuation of energy-linked assets has been one of the focal topics of recent finance research. One of the most popular choices for describing asset movements is a class of the so-called ”convenience yield models”. Such models introduce a new unobserved quantity related to physical ownership of the asset. In turn, convenience yield models can be broadly ...

This paper presents a consistent and arbitrage-free multifactor model of the term structure of interest rates in which yields at selected fixed maturities follow a parametric multivariate Markov diffusion process with " stochastic volatility. " The yield of any zero-coupon bond is taken to be a maturity-dependent affine combination of the selected " basis " set of yields. We provide necessary a...

in order to study of nitrogen application time and seed inoculation with plant growth promotingrhizobacteria on yield, fertilizer use efficiency and grain filling rate of sunflower, a factorial experimentwas conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in research farm ofislamic azad university, ardabil branch in 2011. the first factor was time of nitrogen applica...

in order to determine the effects of applied phosphate bio-fertilizer on yield and morphological traits of wheat, a research was conducted in sari agricultural sciences and natural resources university during 2008-2010. a factorial experiment was performed based on randomized complete block design with four replications. the first factor consists of two levels of phosphate bio-fertilizer (0 and...

due to limited water resources, applying efficient water use in agriculture is very important. this experiment was carried out in kabootarabad agricultural research station for two years using split plots in a randomized complete block design with four replications. six irrigation treatments based on evaporation from class a pan were applied as the main factor at three cotton growing stages, na...