Prevention and removal of fouling is often the most energy intensive process in Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs), responsible for 40% to 50% of the total specific energy consumed in submerged MBRs. In the past decade, methods were developed to quantify and qualify fouling, aiming to support optimization in MBR operation. Therefore, there is a need for an evaluation of the lessons learned and how to ...

With the huge explored reserves of potash salts in Kazakhstan, there is still no production fertilizers, demand for which constantly growing. In this regard, research processing largest Chelkar deposit ore into fertilizers and an urgent problem. The article presents results washed decomposition with nitric acid suspension filtration. filtering properties granulometric composition insoluble resi...

1. The isolation of a filter-passing diplococcus from the blood of certain cases of influenza by means of a special cultural medium is described. The experimental effects of this organism, while in the filterable state, upon rabbits, is discussed. 2. A procedure is formulated for inducing at will both a filterable and a non-filterable state in bacteria. Mention is made of a series of experiment...

Beijerinck's entirely new concept, launched in 1898, of a filterable contagium vivum fluidum which multiplied in close association with the host's metabolism and was distributed in phloem vessels together with plant nutrients, did not match the then prevailing bacteriological germ theory. At the time, tools and concepts to handle such a new kind of agent (the viruses) were non-existent. Beijeri...

Filter cake compaction is a common method for mechanical deliquoring of compressible filter cakes. In addition to the conventional squeezing method, applying oscillatory shear cakes at low pressure an alternative process in filtration. While basic differences terms success have already been identified various materials, systematic analysis influence material properties on behavior under missing...