Jirga is one of the primitive dispute settlement mechanisms widely used in many parts South Asia, including Balochistan. The mechanism has been differently utilized with perspective every culture. Likewise, Balochistan, was flexibly turned social and cultural norms Baloch. Most literature on topic covers a different aspect conception Jirga. This study aims to examine effectiveness jirga system ...

This article contrasts the 14th century Black Death (Bubonic Plague), particularly in England where its effects are well-attested, with contemporary COVID-19 pandemic, terms of similarities and (potential) consequences. The two pandemics, as paper will argue, have much common. They also very different death toll well as, particular, how modern technology medical science been able to deal arguab...

In this paper, we show how capitalism and feudalism reinforce each other to enable the former’s success in higher education context. regard, Polish universities are an interesting case due Poland’s capitalist shock therapy 1990s, its Western European membership Union 2000s recent reforms intended modernize academia. Based on 36 interviews with early career academics from urban experience workin...

Ideology is always an issue that plays important role in the life of a society, and ideology also greatly influences process ruling country dynasties history. Unlike previous dynasties, which lasted only few decades, Ly dynasty represents flourishing period feudalism lasting more than 200 years. A major event was King Thanh Tong changed name from Dai Co Viet to 1054, ushering brilliant era Viet...

Adam Smith made two positive claims about slavery in the context of developing economies. First, Smith explains that slavery is in general highly inefficient. By his account, the net product under freedom is 12 times larger than under slavery. Second, he observes that, despite its inefficiencies, slavery persists in most of the world. Taken together, these claims create a fundamental puzzle: Wh...

The mountain forests of the Indonesian province of Central Sulawesi include core areas of the global Wallacea biodiversity “hotspot”. Remote sensing data indicated that deforestation rates around Central Sulawesi’s Lore-Lindu National Park differ more strongly between villages than could be explained by differences in the individual characteristics of the village households as assessed by quant...

Otto Loewi was born in Frankfurt in 1873, became professor of pharmacology in Graz in 1909 and laid the foundation of the theory of neurochemical transmission in 1920. For this he shared a Nobel prize with Dale in 1936, and in 1938, for being Jewish, he was briefly imprisoned and then expelled from Australia. He then emigrated to the United States where he spent the rest of his life. Loewi wrot...

The growing visibility of Japanese gay men and lesbians who articulate their identities in a manner similar to activists in the west has been heightened by two recent English books Queer Japan and Coming Out in Japan. While acknowledging the need to listen to a plurality of voices from Japan, this essay critiques the manner in which the coming-out narratives in these books have been framed by t...