Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions that can occur in the offspring of a woman who consumed alcohol during pregnancy (CDC, 2014a,b). FASD refers to a range of disorders, with fetal alcohol syndrome representing the most severe end of the spectrum, which may include symptoms such as: abnormal facial features, small head size, poor coordination, hyperactivity, diffic...

Alcohol is a potent teratogen to the developing CNS, and moderate-heavy alcohol intake during pregnancy causes fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). These patients display CNS symptoms associated with developmental deficits, cognitive impairment and social abnormalities, with structural impairments in several brain regions. In this dissertation, we investigate...

OBJECTIVE Classic facial characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) are shortened palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum, and thin upper vermillion. We aim to help pediatricians detect facial dysmorphism across the fetal alcohol spectrum, especially among nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE) individuals without classic facial characteristics. METHODS Of 192 Cape Coloured children recruited, 69...

Although some studies showed the efficacy of phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors as neuronal plasticity enhancers, little is known about the effectiveness of these drugs to improve plasticity in cases of mental retardation. Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is the leading cause of mental retardation in the western world. Using a combination of electrophysiological and optical imaging techniques, we s...

It is customary to begin a talk on Hospital Cross-Infection by quoting the known words of Florence Nightingale. In 1859 s^e sa^ ̂ at maY seem a s\r fae principle to enunciate as the very first requirement in a hospital, that it should d? sick no harm". gjg( Her words are still relevant today in spite of all our improvements in as ^jsS Hospitals may still be dangerous places, although much less d...

The impact of ethnicity on word fluency measures, i.e., the FAS (Benton & Hamsher, 1976) and Animal Naming (AN) (Spreen & Strauss, 1991) tests, was explored. The groups included: White (n = 200), Black (n = 200), and Hispanic (n = 200) veterans. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) revealed significant main effects for FAS and AN total scores both before and after covarying for income, ed...

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) affects an estimated 1% of all children born in North America. FASD is a chronic disorder impacting many systems of care. Only a minority of these children exhibit the pathognomonic facial features of Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) that include short palpebral fissures, smooth philtrum and thin upper lip. Hence, in the majority of affected individuals FASD i...