We examined the defaecation behaviour of Argiope aurantia both in natural situations and in a greenhouse. The spiders defaecated more frequently at night than during the day. The nightly pattern of defaecation was not related to time of feeding. A. aurantia displayed at least two distinct behaviours related to defaecation, one of which involved leaving the web. These results are discussed in re...

the objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge of the turkish farmers with regard to fertilizer usage. farmers in the kazova district of turkey's tokat province were interviewed regarding their soil maintenance practices. the interview was based on a standardized questionnaire the answers being recorded at the time of interview. simple random sampling method was used to de...

To evaluate the effect of floor on maintenance behaviours cow in loose housing system, four groups, viz. T0 (concrete covered and brick-paved open area), T1 sand bed open), T2 (rubber mat open) T3 were studied. Feeding was major activity (39–44%) day, with significant difference between groups. In area, lying standing rumination, while area idling, significantly different groups during day. D...

BACKGROUND Gypsies and Travellers are known to have poor health status and access to health services, even in comparison with other ethnic minority groups. People from this stigmatized ethnic group are rarely consulted about their health needs or health service provision. Optimal infant feeding in the first year of life has the potential to improve lifelong health. OBJECTIVE The aim of this s...

Offspring often compete over limited available resources. Such sibling competition may be detrimental to parents both because it entails wasted expenditure and because it allows stronger offspring to obtain a disproportionate share of resources. We studied nestling conflict over food and its resolution in a joint-nesting species of bird, the Taiwan yuhina (Yuhina brunneiceps). We show that adul...

Grandparents play a valuable role in the socialisation of young children, and as many as 36% of British parents use grandparents as their main form of childcare. Research has begun to explore how grandparents impact the social and cognitive development of children, but very little research has evaluated their contribution to child feeding. The present study explores whether there are difference...