Building sector account for significant global energy consumption and Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems contribute to the highest portion of building consumption. Therefore, potential saving by improving efficiency HVAC is huge various fault detection diagnosis (FDD) methods have been studied this purpose. Although amongst all types existing FDD methods, data-driven based ones...

The rapid development of photovoltaic (PV) technology and the growing number size PV power plants require increasingly efficient intelligent health monitoring strategies to ensure reliable operation high energy availability. Among various techniques, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has exhibited functional capacity perform identification classification faults. In present review, a systematic st...

Fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) systems enable high cost savings energy that could have economic environmental impact. This study aims to develop validate a data-driven FDD system for chiller. The uses historical operation data capture quantitative correlations among variables. evaluated the effectiveness robustness of eight classification methods based on experimental chiller (the ASHRAE 1...

Nonintrusive load monitoring (NILM) is accomplished by sampling voltage and current at high rates and reducing the resulting start transients or harmonic contents to concise “signatures.” Changes in these signatures can be used to detect, and in many cases directly diagnose, equipment and component faults associated with rooftop cooling units. Use of the NILM for fault detection and diagnosis (...

Efficient and robust fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) can potentially play an important role in developing building management systems (BMS) for high performance buildings. Our research indicates that, in comparison to traditional model-based or data-driven methods, the combination of time series modeling and machine learning techniques produces higher accuracy and lower false alarm rates in...

The paper investigates the possibility of reusing frequencies of a terrestrial digital video broadcasting (DVB-T) network for a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) with negligible influence on the DVB-T performance. A frequency division duplex (FDD) UTRAN is deployed such that it can reuse all frequencies of the DVB-T network in each DVB-T frequency reuse cluster in the downlink, with...

A system simulator for performance evaluation of adaptive antennas in UMTS FDD networks has been developed. The simulator is flexible, it uses realistic channel and system assumptions, and for a given scenario provides the maximum network capacity. The antenna types included in the simulator are switched lobe, phased array and adaptive array as well as conventional fixed sector antenna. Analyse...

Five ferredoxin (Fd) isoproteins (FdA, FdB, FdC, FdD, and FdE) were isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv Momotaro) fruit. These isoproteins showed differential temporal and spatial accumulation patterns. FdA and FdC were present in leaves. FdE was present in roots, and FdB and FdD were fruit-specific. During fruit growth, the relative abundance of FdA decreased and that of FdE incre...