0— +1— In August 1993 President Bill Clinton signed a historic law granting the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) the authority to auction spectrum licenses.1 The origin of this law dates back to Ronald Coase’s 1959 proposal to sell the radio spectrum. Congress gave the FCC until August 1994 to begin the fi rst auction. To someone inexperienced in the activities of large bureaucracie...

INTRODUCTION ................................................................................... 101 I. THE COMCAST ORDER’S VISION OF FCC INTERNET REGULATION ............................................................................ 106 A. A (Very) Little Communications Act Set-up ........................... 106 B. The Comcast Order ...............................................................

Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) communication techniques have received increasing attention since United States Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a “First Report and Order” [1] in 2002. Unfortunately the regulations that appeared a few years latter didn't have the same level of commitment and had much tighter constraints. The FCC part. 15 power spectral density limitation is depicted in Fig...

The 3-dimensional (3D) atomic-scale structure of newly discovered face-centered cubic (fcc) and conventional hexagonal close packed (hcp) type ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles (NPs) of 2.2 to 5.4 nm diameter were studied using X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis and reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) modeling. Atomic PDF based high-energy X-ray diffraction measurements show highly diffuse X-ray ...

the conversion process of heavy hydrocarbons to the valuable products such as gasoline is an important operation in the oil refineries.one important process is the “fluidized catalytic cracking” (fcc).feed injection in fcc process has an important role in the selectivity and properties of the products.performance of the feed injection system is dependent on the atomizers.the size and contributi...

sliding mode control (smc) is a powerful approach to solve the tracking problem for   dynamical systems with uncertainties. however, the traditional smcs introduce actuator chattering phenomenon which performs a desirable behavior in many physical systems such as servo control and robotic systems, particularly, when the zero steady state error is required.  many methods have been proposed to el...